Fragen & Antworten zum 02R

Stand: Januar 1996


[General]

Who is the main target user?
Modular digital multitrack, such as ADAT, DA88, and disk based recorder systems in project studios and post production.

What are the sales points?

How many recorders can be hooked up?
There are four rear-panel slots. When four single-size cards such as the CD8-AT, CD8-TD, and CD8-Y are installed, 02R is essentially a 32 digital input mixer. When the AES/EBU cards are installed, however, 02R becomes a 16 digital input mixer. This is because the AES/EBU cards (CD8-AE) require two slots each.

How does reliability compare to analog mixers?
It is difficult to compare digital and analog mixers. However, if we compare the 02R with an analog mixer that has the same specifications as the 02R (not that there is one for the price), then simply because the 02R achieves the same thing with far fewer parts, it must, by the law of averages, be more reliable.

Does the 02R offer simple operation?
Yes. Once the input level has been set using the GAIN control and PAD switch, mix operation simply involves using the faders and ON/OFF switches, essentially the same as that of an analog mixer.
EQ and PAN (and AUX sends and Routing of each channel) are controlled using the dedicated knobs and switches of the virtual controller, and graphically confirmed in the LCD display.
Scene memory makes it possible to recall exact settings at a later time or a different location.

How powerful is the CPU?
The 02R is driven by twin RISC CPUs providing powerful system control of the dynamic automation.

Will the system software be upgraded?
Yes. As necessary, higher versions of the software will be produced.

Will custom software be available?
No. We think that the functionality provided is sufficient to make custom software unnecessary. Some functions will be supported by later software releases.

Is the 02R supplied with good user documentation?
Yes, the 02R user documentation will be easy to use and will allow users to locate and digest information quickly and easily. We are trying a number of new documentation techniques to ensure this.

[Input/Output]

How many mic pre-amps are there, and for which channels?
All 16 Mic/line input channels are balanced TRS phone jacks and have mic pre-amps, and the first 8 additionally provide a choice of XLR input or phone jack input, and also supply phantom power.

Out of 16 mic/line inputs, are only 8 XLR?
Yes, but all 16 line input channels are balanced. Since the 8 channels with XLR each have phantom power that is independently switchable on/off, they are especially convenient for condenser microphones. TRS phone inputs are also provided for these 8 channels.

How many detents do the input gain knobs have?
Since these settings are completely in the analog realm, they cannot be memorized. However, the input gain knobs have 31 detents, so they can be set manually in a precise and repeatable way.

What signal levels does the AD/DA card support?
The AD/DA card (CD8-AD) features +4 dB/­10 dB switches for each input and output. So any analog multitrack recorder can be hooked up. Furthermore, the +4 dB setting means that 02R can easily be interfaced with live-sound mixers, which generally operate at +4 dB.

Are insert points provided?
Yes. Mic/Line inputs CH1-CH8 provide insert I/O in the form of TRS phone jacks, located after the Head Amp and before the A/D converter, at a signal level of +0 dBm. This means the customer can still use his own dynamics processors, although, each 02R input already has dynamics processors built-in.

Does the Tape input have insert I/O?
No.

Do the inputs have a HPF and LPF?
Yes, the lowest of the four parametric EQ bands for each input and Stereo Out can be used for HPF (as well as for full sweepable and shelving EQ), and the highest band can be used for LPF.

How much input delay can be set?
Up to approximately 60 ms (2,600 samples) can be set independently for each channel (54.2 ms @ 48 kHz sampling rate and 59.0 ms @ 44.1 kHz).

How many AUX's?
There are 8 auxiliary sends. AUX7 and AUX8 feed the internal effects. AUX1 through AUX6 are for use with external devices.

Is there a Stereo Send?
Odd and Even auxiliaries can be paired AUX 1/2, 3/4, 5/6 except for AUX7 and AUX8, which are for internal effects. AUX5 and AUX6 can also be routed to C-R and Studio Out for CUE mix, with the internal effects as effects monitor.

What is the maximum I/O level?
For balanced outputs (STEREO OUT, STUDIO MONITOR OUT, and C-R MONITOR OUT), the maximum output level is +24 dBm (nominal +4 dBm). For unbalanced outputs (RCA/phono STEREO OUT) it's +10 dBV (nominal ­10 dBV). For the AUX SENDs it's +20dB (nominal +4dB). While for the INSERT I/O and other unbalanced outputs it's +20dB (nominal 0dB).

How do you read the meter level?
Since the 02R can be connected directly to a digital recorder, 0 dB on each meter corresponds to digital clipping level. ­20 dB at the Stereo meter corresponds to +4 dBm for the Stereo and C-R analog outputs.

Is there a Stereo Pair function that allows any two channels to be paired?
Yes, there is a Pair function that allows adjacent odd and even channels to be paired. For example, channels 1/2 or 3/4 can be paired, but not 2/3.Paired channels can also be grouped.

[Routing/Bus Out/Direct Out]

How many buses can be used for recording simultaneously?
Eight buses can be used. For example, with two Tascam DA-88s connected to an 02R and a signal routed to Bus1, that signal goes to Track1 and Track9. The REC Track on/off controls on the DA-88s are used to determine which track actually records the signal.

How about direct out?
There are 16 direct outputs, one for each MIC/LINE input (1­16). Therefore, 16-track direct recording is possible for live applications.

What happens when a channel is assigned to the direct outputs and buses?
The eight outputs of Slot1 work as Direct outputs for Mic/Line channels 1 through 8. The eight outputs of Slot2 work as Direct outputs for Mic/Line channels 9 through 16. Both slots can also be used as Bus outputs 1 through 8. When a channel is routed to both the direct output and bus, the direct output has priority.

Are the direct outputs pre or post fader?
The initial setting is post fader. However, this can be changed using the Preferences on the SETUP menu.

Is there analog Bus output?
Yes. The bus output format depends on the card that is inserted. Thus, when the AD/DA card (CD8-AD) is inserted, Bus outputs are analog (1/4" phone balanced, 20 bit linear conversion), and the level can be set to either ­10 dB or +4 dB using a DIP switch for each input and output on the CD8-AD card.

Is there a reset function for all assignment routing?
Yes, bus assignment information can be memorized in each Scene memory. Since the memory function includes Routing, you can store any bus assignment data and recall it.

[Digital I/O, Digital Connection]

What is the card configuration?
One card consists of eight in channels and eight out channels. Which channels are used depends on which slot the card is installed in. Slot1 and Slot2 support the eight BUS outputs and the direct outputs. Slot3 and Slot4 support the eight BUS outputs only.

What is the sampling frequency?
When Internal clock is used, it is 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz. When External clock is used, frequencies from 30 kHz to 50 kHz are supported.

How difficult is it to handle wordclock?
Once the wordclock source has been fixed in a project studio, it will not be necessary to change the wordclock setting subsequently. And on the 02R, the time required from wordclock select to lock is much shorter than on the DMC1000, thanks to the new DSP chip. Also, the 02R Wordclock Select page in DIGITAL I/O menu provides a convenient monitoring facility showing which digital sources are currently connected.

What is the channel status of the digital output?

Are there digital AUX send outputs and return inputs?
No. But since in almost all cases AUX sends are used for effects or cue monitor, analog output is convenient.

Can CD or DAT be input directly?
There are two COAXIAL digital inputs and one AES/EBU digital input. These are used as direct 2-track inputs.

Does the AES/EBU input accept a consumer type format digital signal?
Yes, there is one AES/EBU input and two coaxial (S/PDIF) digital inputs. As well as just monitoring these digital inputs, the AES/EBU input (2TR IN DIGITAL 1) can be routed to LINE input 17/18, and the S/PDIF input (2TR IN DIGITAL 2) can be routed to LINE input 19/20. These digital inputs can also be selected as the wordclock source.

Does the SPDIF input accept a professional type format digital signal?
Yes, as above.

Can the ProMix 01 be used as a submixer for the 02R digital input?
Yes, but the Promix 01 must be the word clock master. This can be achieved by connecting the Promix 01's digital output to the 02R's 2TR IN DIGITAL 2 and routing that input to Line inputs 19/20, which can then be set as the wordclock source.

Can 24 bit data go directly to a 16 bit recorder?
No, you need to use the Dither function, which is implemented for the 8 Bus outputs and the Stereo Out. The number of bits for dither can be set as required (e.g. 16-bit, 18-bit, 20-bit).

[Memory/Librarian]

How many Memories are there?

How are the libraries used?
Libraries are provided for EQ, Channel, Effects, and Dynamics. The EQ, Effects, and Dynamics libraries contain 40 presets.
For example, EQ settings can be copied from the library to any EQ. EQ settings can also be copied between channels via the library. The preset EQ settings are a good place to start when applying EQ, and they also serve as a useful reference. Unlike scene memories which store all mix settings, the library allows users to store EQ settings independently.
The Channel library allows users to store channel setups independently. For example, the SNARE setting includes EQ and Dynamics settings.
Scene memory looks difficult to use.
There are dedicated buttons for selecting, storing, and recalling mix scenes. Mix scenes can be titled for easy identification, and there is also a dedicated Scene Number display LED next to the LCD display. Scene memory operation is straightforward. Plus there is an UNDO memory function for restoring mix scene data that has been overwritten accidentally. A preference can be set so that a confirmation message appears before each scene memory store and recall.

Is there Scene Memory filtering?
Yes. For each scene memory you can set the Fader Recall Safe function, using the Preference function in one of the SETUP menus, to specify whether or not fader information will be protected from Recalling.

How long does it take to recall a mix scene?
This of course depends on how many of the parameters (a total of more than 3000) are changed. When recalling, the 02R adopts only differential values.

How can scene memory data be saved?
Scene memory data can be saved via MIDI Bulk Dump to a MIDI Data Filer or MIDI sequencer. The compact and easy-to-use Yamaha MDF2 MIDI Data Filer is ideal for this job. The 02R Project Manager software for the Mac can also be used to save scene memory data.

[EQ/PAN]

What EQ functionality is provided?
Four band full parametric EQ is implemented for each input and for the Stereo output. The lowest EQ band can be used as shelving or HPF, and the highest EQ band can be used as shelving or LPF.

What is the frequency range of each EQ?
Each of the four parametric EQ bands has a range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz, which can be adjusted in 1/12 octave steps, about 120 positions.
Q: 0.1-10 with 41 steps.

How many steps of gain control in the EQ?
0.5 dB steps from ­18 dB to +18 dB.

Is there an EQ reset function?
Yes. Pressing the EQ section's LOW/HPF and HIGH/LPF buttons together resets the selected channel's EQ, including Frequency, Q, and Gain, to their initial settings. Double-clicking the LOW/HPF, HIGH/LPF, LMID, or HMID button resets just that band's Gain to 0 dB.

Does EQ Curve drawing takes a long time?
No, drawing is very quick due to the twin RISC CPU system (much quicker than ProMix 01). The EQ curve provides the sound engineer a clear and visual image, allowing him to adjust the EQ accordingly.

Does the main stereo output have EQ?
Yes, it has the same EQ as each channel (4 band full parametric EQ), which is very convenient for mastering.

How does Dual Pan work?
Adjacent odd and even channels can be ganged together using either the PAN menu or by simply pressing the PAN L/ODD and R/EVEN buttons together on the selected channel. This setting can be made independently of the Pair settings. Each channel can be panned individually, allowing you to re-locate the stereo source as desired.

[Fader]

How is the FLIP key used?
This key exchanges the function of the faders between the Mic/Line and the Tape inputs including the [SEL] key; i.e., all functions be exchanged or "flipped."

How do the multifunction faders operate?
The input channel faders normally work as conventional mixer faders unless an AUX1-8 button has been pressed. When an AUX send button is pressed, the faders function as the send level controller for each channel.

How do I return the faders to their normal operating mode?
Press any key in the Display Access area except for an AUX button.

What is the fader resolution in dB steps?
Physically there are 128 fader steps, and the dB amount of each step depends on the fader position. Steps are coarse in the lower range, and fine in the upper range, but are well balanced audibly.
+10 - ­90 and ­infinity for input faders
0 - ­120 and ­infinity for Stereo fader, AUX master, and Bus master

What is the resolution, interpolation, and stroke for the channel, master and AUX faders?

How does SOLO work?
There are two solo modes: recording solo and mixdown solo. Modes are set in the SETUP menu.
Recording SOLO: The SOLO bus is connected to the C-R output, allowing non-destructive soloing for monitoring the SOLO sound without affecting the main stereo bus.
Mixdown SOLO: The SOLO function directly affects the main stereo bus.

How many fader groups and mute groups are there?
There are 4 fader groups (A, B, C, D) and 4 mute groups (E, F, G, H). Fader groups and mute groups work independently.

How does the group function work?
·Fader group: Any of the grouped channels can be a master for operation. It is not possible to include a fader in two or more groups at once.
·Mute group: Any channel within a group can be a master. The function depends on the Key On/Off status at the time that the mute group is defined. For example, suppose that channels 1 through 5 are in the same mute group, and that when the group is defined, channels 1 to 3 are on and channels 4 and 5 are off. In this case, pressing an on/off switch for a channel in the group will alternate the on/off setting of channels 1/2/3 and 4/5.

How are AUX Send Master levels and the 8 Bus Output levels set?
The master levels of the eight buses are controlled using the fader icon module in one of the LCD displays of the [METER] menu page. The Aux Send Master Levels are also controlled in the same display menu page.

Is there a crossfade function for channel faders?
Yes. A crossfade time of up to 10 seconds, in 0.1 sec steps, can be set for individual channel faders as part of a scene memory.

Is Auto Fade Out of the master fader possible?
Yes, by using the built-in automation, which is timecode based, or by setting a crossfade time for a scene memory.

Are the faders like those of the DMC1000?
100 mm motorized faders are used. Mechanically these are the same as the faders on the ProMix 01. Since the 02R does not implement Touch Sense (which is implemented on the DMC1000), the SELECT key is used for Auto Mix recording. For Automix playback, the Fader OFF mode turns the fader motors off, thereby eliminating any mechanical noise.

Do the faders respond quickly?
Yes, response is very quick due to the twin RISC CPU system. One of these CPUs is used just for fader control.

What is the fader drive belt made of?
The fader drive belt is made from Kevlar fiber reinforced polyurethane (a famous reinforced plastic originally developed by Du Pont). This is the same material used for car engine timing belts.

[Dynamics/Effects]

Are there Dynamics Processors?
Yes, they are provided for each MIC/LINE and Tape input, for each of the 8 bus outs and for the STEREO out, for a total of 50 dynamics processors, with functionality that includes Comp, Expand, Gate, Ducking, and Compander.

Can dynamics be set independently for each input?
Yes. Incidentally, parameters of paired channels are linked.

Do the dynamics effects allow keying from any input channel?
An input channel can be used as the key in signal for dynamics processing of the channel(s) to its right; for example, channel 2 can be the key in signal for channel 3, and also for channel 4, channel 5, and so on. It is also possible to use AUX1 or AUX2 as a key in signal for any channel.

Are the compressors the same as on the ProMix 01?
No. A newly developed DSP chip specifically for audio processing is used that is better than those in the 01.

How good are the internal effects?
The 02R uses a Yamaha effect chip for internal effects. Processing capability is similar to the SPX. In addition, effect parameters have been selected in collaboration with professional sound engineers from around the world.

[Automix]

Which parameters can be automated?
Faders (including AUX send level), channel on/off, EQ, and Pan. About 850 parameters in all. Faders, ON/OFF, PAN, and EQ can be selected independently for automix editing.

Will the automation work with SMPTE?
Yes, and also with MTC (MIDI Time Code). Both SMPTE and MTC can be connected directly.

What timecode frame rates are supported?
The 02R supports 30NDF, 30DF, 25, and 24. These rates are selected on one of the automix pages. The internal timecode generator is intended only for checking and trying the automix function. There is no timecode output.

What is the accuracy of automation?
1 frame (the same as the DMC1000).

What are the fader recording modes?
There are two fader recording modes: Absolute and Relative. When Absolute mode is selected, the actual fader movements are recorded. When Relative mode is selected, fader movements relative to the existing fader data are recorded. This mode, for example, allows you to increase a level by, say, 3 dB relative to the existing data.

Can scene memory snapshots be recorded in the automix?
Yes. Scene memory recalls can be added to the automix either "on-the-fly" during recording or inserted into the automix using the Event Edit page (i.e. an off-line edit). The same applies for library recalls too, such as EQ, Dynamics, Effects, and Channel.

Which is the edit/write button for automix?
Once automix recording has started, the channel SEL buttons are used to activate recording. While active, the SEL button flashes.

Is it possible to edit more than one channel at a time?
Yes. Use the SEL buttons to select all the channels that you want to edit. Incidentally, when the REC button on the LCD is activated by double-clicking the ENTER button, all overwrite parameters and selected channels enter Record/Edit mode.

How do I edit the EQ/PAN of a specific channel?
The currently selected channel is indicated by the "SELECTED CHANNEL" LED next to the LCD display. The currently selected channel is the channel whose SEL key was pressed last.

Can the fader motors be turned off?
Yes. There is a Motor Off option on one of the automix pages. This can only be used with Automix playback.

Can automation memory be expanded?
Yes, optional 1MB ME4M expansion RAM will be available, and one or two ME4Ms can be used for expansion up to 2 MB. However the 02R comes with 512 KB standard (the same as the DMC1000), and this will be sufficient for most applications.

How can Automix data be saved?
Automix data can be saved via MIDI Bulk Dump to a MIDI Data Filer or MIDI sequencer. The compact and easy-to-use Yamaha MDF2 MIDI Data Filer is ideal for this job. The 02R Project Manager software for the Mac can also be used to save Automix data.

[LCD]

What about the LCD display?
The large FL backlit 320 x 240 dot graphic LCD display allows mix settings and EQ curve graphics to be seen clearly. The LCD contrast control is located next to the LCD for easy access.

Is there an Auto Screen function, and for what parameters?
Yes, for EQ, Pan, Routing, Automix, and Solo. For example, if you adjust an EQ or Pan knob in the area of the selected channel, the LCD display will automatically change to the EQ or Pan screen.

[User Interface]

How do I use the cursor buttons and the wheel?
Use the cursor keys to move the cursor in the LCD graphic, the wheel to change parameter values, and the ENTER key to turn parameters on/off.

How is the ENTER button used?
This button works in a number of ways depending on the selected LCD function. In some cases it is used to enter/confirm execution, for example, selecting the RECALL icon and pressing ENTER to execute a RECALL in the EQ library. In situations where there are only two options (e.g., EQ on/off, Dynamics on/off) it is used to set the parameter directly.

Is there a HELP button or menu?
No. However the 02R is extremely easy to use, and there are dedicated switches for accessing each function. In addition, Selected Channel area allows you to use knobs to control bus assignment, AUX, Pan, and EQ, and also provides a dedicated bus assign button.

Is there a video output?
No, but the large and bright LCD graphic is very easy to view.

How do you name channels?
Space is provided for a tape strip on which channel names can be written in pen or pencil. In the LCD menus, channels are always referred to by the number.

How can the input delay be set for all channels in one go?
By double-clicking the ENTER button in the Delay settings menu all channels can be set to the currently selected value.

What other parameters can be set by double-clicking the ENTER button?
Channel Phase/Attenuator, channel fader crossfade times, AUX pre/post send, channel delay time (as mentioned above), and all channel select for extracting automix data.

[Sonic Quality]

What AD/DA converters are used?
All inputs (except for Talk Back): 20 bit 64 times oversampling
(Talk Back input:16 bit, 64 times oversampling)
All Outputs (except for AUX Out and Studio Out): 20 bit 8 times oversampling
Aux Out and Studio Out: 18 bit 8 times oversampling

What is the sonic quality?
Once past the initial A/D conversion, all processing (EQ, effects, compression, mixing) is performed in the digital realm. Accordingly, there is no signal degradation and crosstalk. Internal processing is performed using 32 bits for a dynamic range of 192 dB. (The DMC1000 is 28 bit, and the ProMix 01 is 24 bit.)
The actual analog dynamic range performance is typically 105 dB Mic/Line In to Stereo Out (A/D + D/A) and typically 110 dB for the Digital In to Analog Stereo Out (D/A converter).

What is the S/N?
Typically it is close to that of analog mixers. All post A/D converter processing (EQ, effects, compression, mixing) is performed in the digital realm. This means that bus interference noise (i.e., hum in analog mixers) is completely avoided.
When all channels are off, or channel faders set to their minimum positions, and the ST out fader set to maximum the 02R is extremely quiet, and the noise level is much lower than that of an analog mixer since there is no residual noise from the unit itself.

How much is the residual noise when a fader is bottomed?
Digital zero, completely - infinity.

What DSP chips are used?
The 02R uses new Yamaha DSP chips that contain DSP, digital EQ, and dynamics processing functions. These have been developed especially for audio processing. The internal audio signal is processed with 32-bit precision. (The DMC1000 is 28-bit, and the ProMix 01 is 24-bit.)

[Multiple 02Rs]

Can the 02R be expanded so that 2 or 3 mixers function as one big mixer?
Yes. As many units as desired can be cascaded digitally using the optional Cascade Kit (CD8-CS KIT), which includes two cards and one cable.

Are there any notes for multiple operation?
To Cascade two or more mixers together, each must be fitted with a Cascade card in one of its slots. The Cascade connection carries the 8 bus signals, any selected four of the eight AUX buses, the Stereo bus, and the SOLO bus.
Note that 02R Cascade is not compatible with the DMC1000's Cascade In/Out functions.

[Options]

What options are available?
ALESIS, TASCAM (TDIF-1), AES/EBU, YAMAHA, and AD/DA cards are available, with each card providing 8 in and 8 out. A CASCADE card allows multiple 02R units to be cascaded. Meter Bridge, Wooden Side Panels, and a Memory Expansion Kit are also available.

Is there a meter bridge?
Yes, an option called MB02. The meter bridge you to monitor Mic/Line, Tape, Input, AUX Out, and BUS Out with 12 segment LED (including clip), and Stereo Bus with 32 segment LED. (On the main unit, the stereo bus meter is 21 segment.)(Meter functionality is also provided in the LCD as a built-in function.)

[Computer/MIDI control]

Can all parameters be controlled via MIDI?
All parameters (i.e. more than 3,000) can be controlled via MIDI (using System Exclusive parameter changes), including not only faders but also EQ, Effects, and Dynamics. Automation data, setup data, Scene Memory data, and Library data can be saved to an external computer or a MIDI data filer via MIDI bulk dump.

Are Program Change commands transmitted?
Yes. When a memory is recalled on the 02R, a Program Change command is sent via RS422 (To HOST) and MIDI OUT. When a manual or RS422 memory recall is initiated, a Program Change command based on the Program Change table is sent via the MIDI OUT. When a Program Change is received via the MIDI IN, the received Program Change message is sent via echo out.

Is MMC supported for remote control of a tape recorder?
No, but in almost all cases, a locator is used with a tape recorder.

Is supporting software available?
Yes, 02R Project Manager runs on Macintosh computers, allowing the user to save mixer data (including scene, setup, and automation memory data) by project.

How will the Project Manager be distributed?
It will be distributed free of charge and will not be copy prohibited.

Is the RS422 protocol available for third-party developers?
Yes. Yamaha welcome enquires from third-party developers.

Is demo software available?
An interactive demonstration program for the Macintosh is being produced as a CD-ROM.


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