====== Thomson MO5 (French, Jun 1984) ======
===== Features =====
* CPU: 1 MHz Motorola 6809E
* RAM: 32 KB base
* ROM: 16 KB including BIOS and BASIC
* Video: 320x200, 16 fixed colors (with proximity constraints)
* Sound: 1-bit buzzer + 6-bit DAC extension + speech synthesis extension
* Keyboard: AZERTY 58-keys French keyboard, with accents
* Game-pad: two 8-way 1-button paddles
* Lightpen: pixel horizontal and vertical resolution
* Cartridge: optional, 4 KB to 64 KB
* Cassette: 1200 bauds, TO7 incompatible
* Floppies: up to 4 external drives, 3 different controllers for 2"8 (50 KB), 3"1/2 (320 KB), and 5"1/4 (80 KB or 160 KB) floppies, fully TO7 compatible
* Printer port (CENTRONICS)
===== Usage =====
== Cartridge ==
An optional .m5 or .rom cartridge can be used (-cart option).
Note that, unlike the TO7 and TO7/70, the MO5 is usable without a cartridge as the BASIC 1.0 is already included in ROM.
Due to major system incompatibilities, TO7 and TO7/70 cartridges cannot be run on a MO5.
== Cassettes ==
Most games were distributed on cassettes. They are used in the same way as for the TO7. You must insert them at command line, with the
option, and then either type
RUN"" (for BASIC programs or loaders)
or
LOADM"",,R (for binary code programs)
at the BASIC prompt. Using the wrong option will get you an error, so you should try both.
Cassette images can be raw sound files (.wav) or demodulates byte streams (.k5 or .k7).
Cassettes are slow, be patient (or put off throttling). See the to7 driver for more informations.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
* Cassette encoding is different and incompatible with that of the TO7, TO7/70. You cannot read TO7 .wav or .k7 files on a MO5.
* For the MO5 format, the .wav format is more robust than .k5 and .k7 and will work better.
* Cassettes are always saved in .wav format.
== Floppies ==
Floppies are used in the same way as for the TO7. Here is a quick checklist (see the to7 driver for more informations).
- make sure the relevant floppy controller is emulated (see MESS's in-game configuration menu, reset if required),
- insert the MO5 BASIC DOS boot disk (not the TO7 one) in drive -flop0 before starting the emulator,
- alternatively, insert the disk after starting the emulator and type DOS at the BASIC prompt,
- use the LOAD, DIR, SAVE, DSKINI commands.
MO5 floppy format and floppy images (.sap, .qd, .fd) are fully compatible with the TO7 ones. You can easily read TO7 floppies and load TO7 files on a MO5.
However, due to major system incompatibilities, TO7 programs will not be runnable (except pure BASIC programs).
== Keyboard ==
It is similar to the TO7/70 one.
STOP 1! 2" 3# 4$ 5% 6& 7' 8( 9) 0 -= +; ACC UP DOWN
CTRL A Z E R T Y U I O P /? *: LEFT RIGHT
RAZ Q S D F G H J K L M ENTER TOP
SHIFT W X C V B N ,< .> @^ BASIC INS DEL
SPACE
As in the TO7/70, accented keys are typeset using the ACC key, and CAPS-LOCK is toggled with the SHIFT+SPACE combination.
The only differences are:
- the right SHIFT key has been replaced with a BASIC key to typeset BASIC commands quickly,
- there is no keyboard LED to tell you whether the CAPS-LOCK is on.
===== Known Issues =====
* many .k5 and .k7 files use emulator-specific hacks and will not work in MESS, prefer .wav files (yes, I know, the opposite was true for the TO7!)
* Features not implemented: RS232 and network.
* Speech synthesis sounds terrible
===== History and Trivia =====
The MO5 is Thomson's attempt to provide a low-cost version of the TO7/70.
It is based on the same gate-array technology, but has less memory and is less expandable.
Please note that it is software incompatible with the TO7 and TO7/70.
The MO5 is the first Thomson computer with an integrated BASIC. Unlike the TO7 and TO7/70, it does not require an external BASIC cartridge to operate.
Also, the MO5 (and its MO5E variant) is the only Thomson computer without a startup menu: it starts directly at the BASIC prompt (or whatever cartridge was plugged-in).
This is also the first Thomson computer of the so-called MO family (that also spawned the MO6 and MO5NR computers) which is incompatible with the TO family (TO7, TO7/70, and later TO8, TO9, TO9+) despite being based on similar hardware.
Causes of incompatibility are numerous:
* The address map is different.
* The calling conventions to BIOS functions are different.
* The Motorola 6846 programmable timer is missing (replaced with a fixed clock).
* The encoding of colors is incompatible (albeit more reasonable than the TO7/70 one that strives for TO7 compatibility).
* The cassette encoding is completely different (albeit more effective, robust, and simpler to implement).
The reason for all this is not very clear (maybe necessary design choices to make the computer cheaper, or an attempt to break with former design choices, or a marketing issue).
As a consequence, you cannot run TO7/70 programs on a MO5 (except pure BASIC programs, supposing that you do not load them from a cassette but, e.g., from a floppy).
Interestingly enough the floppy controller is the same as the TO7 one (its ROM has been designed to work for both families).
It was a main component of the government plan "Informatique pour tous" (i.e., "Computer Science for Everyone"). Many MO5 (and a few TO7/70) were bought by the government and put in schools to teach computer science to children.
Such computers were connected into networks (unfortunately, network is currently not emulated in MESS, but I hope to get it working at some point).
Thus, it featured a lot of educational software.
It was also a great game computer until the TO8 was built.
Unlike the TO7 cassette format, the MO5 cassette format is a quite simple MFM encoding (Modified Frequency Modulation) and is decoded
fully in software. This gave rise to variants: many games were encoded specially and used a special loader in order to prevent people from disassembling the raw files. Some emulators use a byte-based format that cannot represent these protections, and so, rely on emulator-specific hooks. These hooks are not emulated in MESS.
Thus, you should prefer raw .wav files that faithfully emulate protection schemes in MESS.
Note that byte-based images often use the suffix .k5 to differentiate them from TO7 files, but many also have a .k7 suffix which is confusing because they cannot be run on a TO7.
===== Links =====
* Thomson driver main page -- http://www.di.ens.fr/~mine/mess
See the information for the to7 system for generic Thomson links
===== Other Emulators =====
* DCMOTO: universal Thomson emulator, with many software and documentations -- http://dcmoto.free.fr
* Emul5: is a MO5-only emulator -- http://emul5.thomsonistes.org
Generated on Sun Jul 19 10:17:28 2009