Books

Davidson, Basil. A History of West Africa. Longman, 1981.

Illiffe, John. Africans: The History of a Continent. Cambridge, 1995.

McKay, John P.; Hill, Bennett D.; and Buckler, John. A History of World Societies, Volume I. Boston, 1992.

McKissack, Patricia and Frederick. The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay. Henry Holt and Co., 1994.

Mann, Kenny. African Kingdoms of the Past: Ghana, Mali, Songhay. Dillon Press, 1996.