Gothic cathedrals
Gothic is a term used to described a type of architecture that flourished from the mid-1100's to as late as the 1600's in some parts of Europe. Among the most distinctive characteristics of Gothic architecture were ribbed vaults, which were ceilings fashioned from clusters of columns several stories high. The individual columns were curved to form ribs like those of an open umbrella, and the spaces between the ribs were filled in with masonry. Other common features of the style included pointed arches and the substitution of stained-glass windows for large portions of the walls. Many churches also had flying buttresses, which were brick or stone arched supports built against the outside walls.
Sculptors carved the figures of saints and heroes of Christianity on church doorways. Medieval Christians believed that, in a symbolic sense, these saints and heroes inhabited and strengthened the church building.
Excerpt adapted from the "Architecture" article, The World Book Encyclopedia © 1999