Early Gothic Architecture

The Gothic style was an immediate success on its introduction in France in 1144. By 1250, it had spread throughout much of Europe. The Gothic style is particularly associated with the age of cathedral construction in northern Europe. Early Gothic architecture was noted for its immense size and height. These two elements were first combined in the design of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.

A new system of construction enabled Gothic architects to design churches with thinner walls and lighter piers than was possible in Romanesque churches. Many piers consisted of clusters of columns several stories high. Gothic architects extended the piers into the roof area and then curved out the individual columns like the ribs of an open umbrella. The space between the ribs was filled in with masonry. These ribbed vaults were among the most distinctive characteristics of Gothic architecture. Use of the flying buttress, brick or stone arched supports built against the outside walls, reduced the amount of solid wall space needed for support, allowing the walls to be opened with large stained glass windows.

Excerpt adapted from the "Gothic art" article, The World Book Encyclopedia © 1999