- Loops: these are structures which will repeat a section of
code a finite or infinite number of times; the code enclosed
within the structure will be executed until a condition is
met which causes the loop to terminate.
- Subroutines: these are sections of code which will be called
from another part of the program; often called more than once
in a program, they can add structure and readability to the
code. When the subroutine has finished executing, the program
will return to the opint from which the subroutine was called.
- Conditionals: these are sections of code which will only be
executed if a particular condition is met; if the condition is
not met, then the conditional code will be skipped entirely.