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Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis Junco Ojioscuro
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Photo: G. Beaton
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Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis Junco Ojioscuro
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Photo: G. Beaton
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A slate-gray finch with white belly and a flesh-colored bill. The white outer tail feathers flash in flight. Length: 14-16 cm.; weight: 18-22 g. Audio (M. Oberle). Breeds in much of Alaska, Canada, the western and northeastern USA and the Appalachian Mountains. Winters over most of the USA. Accidental in coastal areas, fields and urban areas in Puerto Rico (16 October 1963). TAXONOMY: PASSERIFORMES; EMBERIZIDAE. The subspecies that has occurred in Puerto Rico (Junco hyemalis hyemalis) was formerly split as a separate species, the Slate-colored Junco. |
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Photo: G. Beaton
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Photo: G. Beaton
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Photo: G. Beaton
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References Arendt, W.J. 1992. Status of North American migrant landbirds in the Caribbean region: a summary. Pp. 143-171 in Ecology and conservation of neotropical migrant landbirds (J.M. Hagan III and D.W. Johnston, eds.) Smithsonian Instit. Press, Washington, D.C. Bent, A.C. 1968. Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows and allies, part 2. Smithsonian Instit. U.S. National Museum Bull. 237. (Reprinted by Dover Press, NY, 1968). Byers, C., J. Curson, and U. Olsson. 1995. Sparrows and buntings: a guide to the sparrows and buntings of North America and the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA. Ehrlich, P.R., D.S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye. 1988. The birder’s handbook: a field guide to the natural history of North American birds. Simon and Schuster/ Fireside, NY. Ghalambor, C. K. and T. E. Martin. 2001. Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds. Science 292:494-497. Martin, T. E., P. R. Martin, C. R. Olson, B. J. Heidinger, and J. J. Fontaine. 2000. Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds. Science 287:1482-1485. Nolan, V., Jr., E. D. Ketterson, D. A. Cristol, C. M. Rogers, E. D. Clotfelter, R. C. Titus, S. J. Schoech, and E. Snajdr. 2002. Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). In The Birds of North America, No. 716 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. Oberle, M. W., and J. C. Haney. 1997. Possible breeding range extensions of northern forest birds in northeast Georgia. Oriole 62(3/4): 35-44. Raffaele, H.A. 1989. A guide to the birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Princeton. Raffaele, H.A. 1989. Una guía a las aves de Puerto Rico y las Islas Vírgenes. Publishing Resources, Inc., Santurce, PR. Raffaele, H.A., J.W. Wiley, O.H. Garrido, A.R. Keith, and J.I. Raffaele. 1998. Guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton. Schoech, S. J., E. D. Ketterson, and V. Nolan, Jr. 1999. Exogenous testosterone and the adrenocortical response in Dark-eyed Juncos. Auk 116(1):64-72. Titus, R. C. 1998. Short-range and long-range songs: use of two acoustically distinct song classes by Dark-eyed Juncos. Auk 115:386-393. Next related species in taxonomic order Previous related species in taxonomic order |