Day 022 - 12 Sep 94 - Page 62
1 MR. JUSTICE BELL: Where do I find that?
2
3 MR. MORRIS: That is in Dr. Arnott's references, No. 2.
4
5 MR. JUSTICE BELL: That is Howe and Others?
6
7 THE WITNESS: Yes.
8
9 MR. MORRIS: This survey is called Dietary Factors and Risk of
10 Breast Cancer; Combined Analysis of 12 Case-Controlled
11 Studies, Geoffrey Howe and others; published April
12 4th 1990. You have obviously seen this; it is your
13 reference?
14 A. Yes.
15
16 Q. On the next page from the first page under "Methods", this
17 is file page 363, under the title Studies: "Studies
18 originally considered for inclusion in the present
19 analysis consisted of all case-controlled studies of diet
20 and breast cancer that had been completed by the end of
21 1986 that included specific estimates of fat intake. We
22 identified 14 studies and 12 agreed to take part",
23 basically. So, this really, is it not, is an analysis of
24 all the relevant studies as far as they could identify?
25 A. That was up until 1986.
26
27 Q. Up to 1986. Their conclusion -- let us have a look -----
28
29 MR. JUSTICE BELL: It is the bottom of page 369.
30
31 MR. MORRIS: This would be quite important in terms of up to
32 1986, would it not?
33 A. I may say that this has been subjected to a lot of
34 criticism, this particular paper, and people have
35 criticised the way in which statistically the results were
36 analysed. Many people have said that, in fact, if you
37 analyse them in a different way, you do not get the
38 conclusions that were found.
39
40 Q. Shall we read out the conclusion -- do you know Geoffrey
41 Howe?
42 A. I do not.
43
44 Q. You have heard of him?
45 A. Oh, yes, I have heard of him.
46
47 Q. Is he well-known in the field?
48 A. I would not say he was a leader in the field, but he
49 is known, certainly.
50
51 Q. His conclusions are: "With respect to the intake of
52 calories and major sources of calories during adult life,
53 our analysis supports an association between consumption
54 of fat, particularly saturated and monounsaturated fat,
55 and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. This finding
56 from case-controlled studies appears to be inconsistent
57 with the results from the largest cohort study in the
58 United States reported to date." Is that the nurses'
59 one?
60 A. Yes.
