Day 254 - 22 May 96 - Page 13


     
     1        of fat is greater than for any other source of nutrition,
     2        so it is only sensible to recommend to people that they
     3        should avoid getting obese.
     4
     5        If alcohol is related to cancer of the mouth and cancer
     6        oesophagus, they should be at least reasonably careful in
     7        their alcohol intake.  I have already said to you that the
     8        most convincing piece of evidence in all of these studies
     9        has been the protective, or potential protective of fruit
    10        and vegetables, so therefore it seems sensible that one
    11        should recommend to their patients that they eat plenty of
    12        fruit and vegetables because it is just simple, basic, good
    13        advice to patients.
    14
    15   Q.   That is for patients who have already got cancer?
    16        A.  No.  I have to say that I am obviously faced patients
    17        with patients who have cancer, but one would recommend this
    18        to anybody as being sensible advice.
    19
    20   Q.   Right.
    21        A.  It is like most things in life.  If you have excesses
    22        of it, it is not usually too good for you.
    23
    24   Q.   Right, and certainly over 30 per cent of energy from fat in
    25        your diet is considered to be excessive by virtually
    26        everybody's standards?
    27        A.  I would not say that is necessarily true actually,
    28        because if you look at countries like Spain and Greece, and
    29        I have quoted these countries, they have a very large fat
    30        intake, and yet they have very low incidence of things like
    31        heart disease and breast and bowel cancer.
    32
    33   Q.   This is substantially because their fat intake is largely
    34        from olive oil which is believed to have a protective
    35        effect?
    36        A.  It may be.
    37
    38   Q.   That is correct; is it not?
    39        A.  No, I am saying it ----
    40
    41   Q.   That is what it is believed to be.  That is correct; is it
    42        not?
    43        A.  No.  I think that in fact people have suggested--  this
    44        is a hypothesis -- that this may be why they have a lower
    45        instance but it is by no means clear.
    46
    47   Q.   That is the belief in one of the papers that you have
    48        actually referred to and quoted in your testimony?
    49        A.  No, the ----
    50 
    51   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Let us refer to the part and see the actual 
    52        words. 
    53
    54   MS. STEEL:  I was coming onto it later because it is a matter
    55        of----
    56
    57   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes, well ----
    58
    59   MS. STEEL:   If you want to look at it, it is in the European
    60        Journal of Cancer Prevention, page 32.

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