Day 033 - 10 Oct 94 - Page 57


     
     1        to say.
     2
     3   Q.   That does not surprise me that that is your answer.  If
     4        you have one bullet in a six-chamber revolver, you only
     5        need one bullet to finish yourself off perhaps.  So, I was
     6        not sure the analogy was strictly helpful.  Express it in
     7        another way, what you are trying to say on the last
     8        paragraph on that page?
     9        A.  What I was attempting to say is that what really
    10        counts is the total and overall diet, but that there is no
    11        specific -- there is no exact fat limit or fibre limit
    12        that is a clear cut dividing line between a healthy diet
    13        and an unhealthy diet.
    14
    15   MR. MORRIS:  Can you expand on that in terms of how McDonald's
    16        food would fit in, then?
    17        A.  Well, a McDonald's meal, if we are encouraging people
    18        to eat foods that are lower in fat, lower in fat than what
    19        the average individual is eating now, a typical McDonald's
    20        meal goes in exactly the wrong direction.  Their meals are
    21        higher in fat than what an average individual is eating
    22        now.  If we are encouraging people to be eating more
    23        fibre, the McDonald's meal goes in the opposite direction.
    24          If we encouraging them to be eating more fruits and
    25        vegetables, the meals at McDonald's go in exactly in the
    26        wrong direction.
    27
    28        The point I am trying to make is that if we are
    29        encouraging individuals to follow a healthy overall diet,
    30        the meals served at McDonald's push the diet in an
    31        unhelpful direction and, well, I guess that is what I was
    32        trying to say.  Forgive me if the analogies are not
    33        particularly useful in that particular paragraph.
    34
    35   MR. MORRIS:  If we can move on to page 5, that is where you
    36        talk about fatty foods tend to be habituating, you do
    37        quote some reports on the social and physiological
    38        factors, the habituating nature of high fat, high sodium,
    39        whatever, food?
    40        A.  Yes.
    41
    42   Q.   Is this something that is a kind of fairly new area of
    43        research?
    44        A.  There is not a huge body of research in this area.
    45        However, researchers have noted the fact that individuals
    46        tend to maintain the fat intake, as well as the protein
    47        intake and carbohydrate intake, to which they are
    48        habituated from one week to the next; it does not change
    49        very much, and yet the degree of fat intake can vary quite
    50        dramatically from one culture to another.  Say, in rural 
    51        Japan or rural China, today children consume a much lower 
    52        fat intake.  They might find American or Western European 
    53        foods unpalatable initially.  However, were they
    54        habituated to them they would in cases of migrant studies
    55        where these have been followed tend to continue on the
    56        higher fat diet.
    57
    58   Q.   Once they have adopted it?
    59        A.  Once it has been adopted, yes, and to stay with it.
    60        I regret to say we do not have examples of the reverse

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