Day 030 - 03 Oct 94 - Page 62


     
     1   Q.   Would that be the standard approach in terms of diet
     2        rather than exercise?
     3        A.  The reason I hesitate in my reply is that this is
     4        another whole subject, if what you are referring to is
     5        people that I might describe as ordinarily overweight and
     6        not grossly obese, and if you are referring to people who
     7        are able bodied, then the generally accepted advice in
     8        this country and internationally whose scientific bases
     9        came originally from the report of the Royal College of
    10        Physicians in 1993 called Obesity, is that what you should
    11        do is to shift from a calorie dense diet to a nutrient
    12        dense diet and to be reasonably physically active
    13        throughout your life as a means of avoiding becoming
    14        overweight and obese, and as a means to reduce excess
    15        weight.  If you are obese, certainly grossly obese, that
    16        is a different story.
    17
    18   Q.   If we move to the next document it is headed:  "Europe
    19        against Cancer Fact Sheet 52, 1992 - Cancer in the
    20        European Community."   Is there anything you specifically
    21        want to refer the court to in those charts on that page?
    22        A.  What we are referring to here is the so-called Ten
    23        Commandments, the 10-point European Code against cancer
    24        referred today.  There are 10 recommendations, five of
    25        which are to do with prevention, two of which are to do
    26        with diet; one of which says: Eat fresh fruit and
    27        vegetables and other foods high in fibre; the other says
    28        avoid obesity and cut down on fatty foods.   The status of
    29        that, as I say, that is the European Union position which
    30        is generally accepted by member states, as will be evident
    31        in this country next week, if not before.  Indeed, it is
    32        evident in this country before.  You have already
    33        yourselves pointed that out by showing a document I have
    34        not seen before.
    35
    36   Q.   While we are on that page it might be worth noting the
    37        actual incidence of cancer.  In the middle chart at the
    38        bottom of the table "UK" it says that in the UK there is
    39        160,589 annual cancer deaths; is that correct?  Am I
    40        reading that correctly?
    41        A.  Yes.
    42
    43   Q.   Sorry in 1988 out of 797,600 in Europe as a whole?
    44        A.  That is true, but, if I may, I would say the more
    45        salient table is the one on top.  This particular table,
    46        these admirable fact sheets produced by the Cancer
    47        Research Campaign, happens to be about the EC, refer to
    48        the EC or EU, as now is generally.  The Cancer Research
    49        Campaign has issued other tables to do with the UK.  The
    50        point of referring to these tables is that if you look at 
    51        the top three cancers, no, the top four cancers in men, 
    52        the most common cancer in terms of incidence is lung, but 
    53        then that is followed in men by prostate, stomach and
    54        colon.
    55
    56        If you go over the table to women, the most common cancer
    57        is breast followed by colon and stomach.  I have mentioned
    58        eight cancers in men and women taken together.  Three of
    59        those cancers, the second, third and fourth in men and the
    60        first, second and third in women, are now reliably known

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