Day 091 - 17 Feb 95 - Page 34


     
     1   Q.   Has that included anything to do with feed stuffs?
     2        A.  Yes.
     3
     4   Q.   And antibiotics?
     5        A.  Well, you would not be sampling antibiotics.
     6
     7   Q.   No, but have they asked the antibiotics in the feed stuffs?
     8        A.  They would be aware anyway of what antibiotics are
     9        available for use in feed stuffs.
    10
    11   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Are you going to another article?
    12
    13   MS. STEEL:   I am just wondering whether I should do it or not,
    14        whether I need to bother.
    15
    16   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Let us break off there and continue at
    17        2 o'clock.
    18                         (Luncheon Adjournment)
    19
    20   MS. STEEL:  There are other types of salmonella typhimurium, are
    21        there, apart from that one mentioned in the article?
    22        A.  There are many different phage types as they are
    23        called, yes.
    24
    25   Q.   Was there another type of salmonella typhimurium that you
    26        were aware that there were a number of antibiotics which
    27        were not effective against ----
    28        A.  At various times there have been reports of different
    29        salmonella strains which have shown antibiotic resistance.
    30        This has been recorded over the years, Salmonella,
    31        Enteritidis, Typhimurium.  One or two others have been
    32        shown as recorded as showing antibiotic resistance.
    33
    34   Q.   That is to antibiotics that are the same as, or similar to,
    35        ones used in farming and, in particular, in the poultry
    36        industry?
    37        A.  By and large the therapeutic antibiotics are common to
    38        man and animals.
    39
    40   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What about the ones used as growth
    41        promoters?
    42        A.  The growth promoter antibiotics are what we call
    43        "non-therapeutic" and they are antibiotic by definition
    44        because they are derived from a bacterial fermentation
    45        product and that is really the definition.
    46
    47   Q.   Yes, I understand that, but the topic we are on here is
    48        antibiotics in animals?
    49        A.  Yes.
    50 
    51   Q.   Potentially affecting human resistance? 
    52        A.  Yes. 
    53
    54   Q.   I understand that if the therapeutic antibiotics are common
    55        to man and animals?
    56        A.  Yes.
    57
    58   Q.   But that is why I asked about the growth promoters.  Is
    59        there some equivalent antibiotic, where, whatever has been
    60        demonstrated or not demonstrated, in theory, it might

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