Day 036 - 13 Oct 94 - Page 50


     
     1        Institute appearing in the Journal of National Cancer
     2        Institute in 1977, volume 58, pages 825 to 832.
     3
     4   MS. STEEL:  Is that in the references?
     5        A.  Yes, it is in the references cited here.  It is fair
     6        to say those figures have been discussed and quoted
     7        numerous times in the research literature since that time.
     8
     9   MR. MORRIS:  When we looked at the Grey Book -- this was read
    10        out -- which is the British Dietary Reference Values for
    11        Food and Energy?
    12        A.  Yes, I have it in front of me.
    13
    14   Q.   On page 52, under the section on cancer, very first line,
    15        it is called Dietary fat and aetiology of cancer.  People
    16        do not need to go to this now.  I will just read it out.
    17        "Dietary fat and aetiology of cancer.  A number of
    18        mechanisms whereby fat could be involved in cancer
    19        promotion has been suggested".  Then it went through
    20        them.  Is promotion of cancer considered to come under the
    21        heading of causation?
    22        A.  Yes.
    23
    24   Q.   So if something is promotive then it can be termed
    25        "causal"?
    26        A.  Yes, if the cancer is not promoted, if the growth of
    27        the cancer cell is not promoted, the cancer never
    28        manifests and would never be diagnosed.
    29
    30   Q.   Also Mr. Rampton drew the court's attention to the World
    31        Health Organisation 1990 report on chronic diseases,
    32        page 92.  Again I do not think you have to get it out, but
    33        I will just read out what he read out it was under the
    34        heading of 4.1.3:  "Intakes of saturated fatty acids".
    35        The first paragraph in that section goes:  "These fatty
    36        acids", meaning saturated fatty acids, "may also be
    37        specifically involved in promoting cancers", my emphasis,
    38         "particularly of the colon and breast, although the
    39        evidence remains inconsistent.  The main justification for
    40        limiting saturated fatty acid intake should therefore be
    41        the prevention of coronary heart disease".  Now I will
    42        just ask you that stress was put upon that, but that does
    43        not, in your opinion, refer to total fat or fat in
    44        general?  When it says: "The main justification for
    45        limiting saturated fatty acid intake should therefore be
    46        the prevention of coronary heart disease"?
    47        A.  You are quite correct.
    48
    49   Q.   It does not follow, therefore, that is the main
    50        justification for limiting fat? 
    51        A.  You are quite correct and ----- 
    52 
    53   Q.   It is, is it not, that saturated fatty acids is the main
    54        implication for coronary heart disease?
    55        A.  That is an extremely important distinction because the
    56        saturated fat is the portion which stimulates the liver to
    57        manufacture increasing amounts of cholesterol; yes, you
    58        are quite correct.  The emphasis is somewhat different
    59        when it comes to cancer.
    60

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