Day 036 - 13 Oct 94 - Page 28


     
     1        that right?
     2        A.  Yes, rye bread.
     3
     4   Q.   We can see a summary of the results on page 2834.  I will
     5        read it quickly under "Results":  "Table 1 shows the diet
     6        analysis from a 3-day dietary recall from each volunteer,
     7        using Diet Composition Tables. The total calorie
     8        consumption was slightly higher in Kuopio compared with
     9        New York Metropolitan area.  The average daily intake of
    10        fat and protein was essentially the same between the
    11        groups; the carbohydrate intake was higher in Kuopio
    12        compared with New York Metropolitan area.  However, the
    13        consumption of meat was greater in New York, whereas the
    14        consumption of milk and other dairy products was higher in
    15        Kuopio.  The sources of fat were different, a greater
    16        proportion coming from meat in New York and from milk and
    17        other dairy products in Kuopio.  The Kuopio men consumed
    18        more whole-grain rye bread and cereals and less green
    19        vegetables and fruits than New York men".
    20        A.  Yes.
    21
    22   Q.  "The lack of green vegetables and fruits in rural Kuopio
    23        diet might be due to seasonal scarcity".  I draw that to
    24        your attention, Dr. Barnard, for this reason:  So far from
    25        proposing any firm conclusion from a report of this kind,
    26        one might speculate, might one not, that the difference in
    27        the incidence of colon cancers between these two
    28        populations was either that the Finns ate a lot of fibre
    29        or that there was sufficient calcium in their dairy
    30        products to protect them against the risk of colon cancer?
    31        A.  You have left out a couple of other things ----.
    32
    33   Q.   Probably, yes ----
    34        A. - that are, perhaps, important.  It is important as you
    35        go through the results of this -- certainly we could spend
    36        all day talking about one study -- but it is not possible
    37        to have the same fat intake between two groups and to
    38        have -- well, there are only so many sources of calories
    39        in the diet, those being the macro nutrients, protein and
    40        carbohydrate, and these do vary between the New York
    41        population and the Finnish population.  While I respect
    42        Dr. Reddy's statement that the fat intake is similar, if
    43         -- my copy is not a very good copy but I read -----
    44
    45   Q.   I am sorry.
    46        A.  I think we can make do; if I am reading the -----
    47
    48   Q.   Read the table.
    49        A. - table 1 at the bottom it seems to say something along
    50        the lines of "In the" -- the very last figure for New York 
    51        is 40 per cent of calories, I am presuming that is what 
    52        that says? 
    53
    54   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes.
    55        A.  I cannot quite read the figure in Finland.
    56
    57   Q.   35 or 33.
    58        A.  It is either 33 or 35.  While one might say they are
    59        about the same, there might be a different
    60        characterisation that one might make, if one figure is

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