Day 269 - 25 Jun 96 - Page 62
1 Q. Then you will ingest the trans-isomers?
2 A. You will, yes. In the same way as you will from
3 products which contain hydrogenated or marine oil. There is
4 ample evidence to demonstrate this. There is evidence from
5 these trans-isomers occurring --
6
7 Q. When you are talking about experiments into the effect of
8 trans-isomers earlier, if I understood you, was that in
9 relation to the hydrogenated vegetable fat?
10 A. The trans-isomers that are produced by hydrogenated
11 vegetable oils have been studied at some considerable
12 length by variety of different workers.
13
14 Q. In animal experiments?
15 A. In animals and there is also human studies by Katang
16 in Holland. And the conclusion I think that Katang comes
17 to is they are playing a contribution to the saturated fat
18 load or the mortality from cardiovascular disease. Willett
19 himself puts a number on it and, in the paper that he wrote
20 on this subject, he actually makes the point that there is
21 a large contribution to the trans-isomer load comes from
22 hydrogenated vegetable oils in the United States.
23
24 MR. RAMPTON: Can I ask you, is the trans-isomer which is a mono
25 unsaturated fatty acid in milk and beef, linolenic acid?
26 A. That is one of them.
27
28 Q. That has no effect on blood cholesterol, does it?
29 A. Again you have got to look at this in the total, that
30 you do not eat all the linolenic acid.
31
32 Q. You do not?
33 A. You do not eat linolenic acid, you eat complex of
34 trans-isomer that has come from linolenic acid and the
35 other, check that in terms of its component because it is
36 the largest in amount but there are also trans-isomers of
37 linolenic acid and the trans-isomers of much lesser than
38 all linolenic acid and you will get conjugated fatty acids
39 as a byproduct of this hydrogenation process. You will get
40 fatty acids with two double bonds and two isomers in them.
41 So it is analogous to linolenic acid. It is complex issue,
42 nobody eats linolenic acid.
43
44 Q. I have not got the Willett Painer because I was not
45 supplied with it. This is COMA 46 my Lord, nutritional
46 aspects of cardiovascular disease?
47 A. What year?
48
49 Q. 46, number 46. They really should be up there for the
50 witness, do you have that?
51 A. Yes, I have got that.
52
53 Q. Can you turn to page 128 please?
54 A. Yes, I have it.
55
56 Q. Paragraph 62.63?
57 A. Yes.
58
59 Q. I will not read the first sentence, because that is not the
60 point I am on. Then there is a reference to this, I think
