Day 093 - 28 Feb 95 - Page 07


     
     1        problem.
     2
     3   Q.   Would you accept that a chicken's beak does have nerves in
     4        it?
     5        A.  The entire beak, yes.
     6
     7   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  When you say the "entire beak", do you mean
     8        throughout the entire -----
     9        A.  Yes, a bit similar to our nails.  In the back of our
    10        nails we can feel, but at the very tip, we do not.
    11
    12   Q.   That is why I am asking.  When you say the "entire beak"
    13        are you saying that there are nerves throughout the entire
    14        beak or that somewhere in the beak there are nerves?
    15        A.  Not throughout.  They start, they have some at the back
    16        and then disappear.  They have some receptors but the
    17        actual connection between those receptors and their ability
    18        to sense or cause pain is not, as far as I know, it has not
    19        been proved.  This paper supports that.
    20
    21   MS. STEEL:   Where does it support that?
    22        A.  You probably should have read it before.  It is there.
    23        It is on the first paragraph on the 19th line, it says:
    24         "It is, however, not known what kind of information the
    25        damaged beak conveys to the central nervous system".
    26
    27   MS. STEEL:   That is not what you said a moment ago.
    28        A.  You can go back to the transcript and read it again?
    29        That is what I said.
    30
    31   MS. STEEL:   "They have some at the back then disappear.  They
    32        have some receptors but the actual connection between those
    33        receptors, their ability to sense or cause pain is not, as
    34        far as I know, it has not been proved"?
    35        A.  That is right.
    36
    37   Q.   Right.  The paper does not say anything about the receptors
    38        disappearing, does it?
    39        A.  No, what it says is that -----
    40
    41   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  No, it says:  "It is not known what kind of
    42        information the damaged beak conveys to the central nervous
    43        system".  If it is the same as human beings, nerves can
    44        serve different purposes.  You can have nerves which give
    45        you a positional sense, for instance, without any sense of
    46        discomfort or pain?
    47        A.  That is correct.
    48
    49   Q.   Is it the same in animals?
    50        A.  Yes, it is -- very similar. 
    51 
    52   MS. STEEL:   Would you agree with the section about the 
    53        formation of nueromas?
    54        A.  Where is -- what section?
    55
    56   Q.   It is mentioned in the summary:  "Following amputation
    57        neuromas were developing by 15 days after surgery and they
    58        were well formed by 20 to 30 days."
    59        A.  That one, I do not know.
    60

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