Day 036 - 13 Oct 94 - Page 22
1 A. I think it is a reasonable thing for Willett to say,
2 certainly.
3
4 Q. Here is Kushi's possible answer to that: "However, the
5 presence of a strong association of fat intake with colon
6 cancer does not negate the possibilities of either a
7 moderate dietary fat-breast cancer association in the
8 range of fat intake under study or a more striking
9 protective effect on breast cancer risk of substantially
10 lower fat intakes".
11
12 Dr. Barnard, leaving aside what conclusions might be drawn
13 from what are here called ecologic studies, or sometimes
14 called correlational or international studies, is there
15 any epidemiologic evidence to your knowledge that has
16 studied populations with greater extremes of fat intake
17 than the sort of thing we see here?
18 A. I am pausing because that is a detailed question of
19 research design.
20
21 MR. JUSTICE BELL: Shall we take the five minutes there and
22 then you can think about that. What I would also like, it
23 may help me to get the matter in proportion because we
24 have had various percentages of energy referred to in this
25 paper. If you think you can give me a percentage figure
26 for a typical vegan diet, on the one hand, and a typical
27 ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet on the other -- you may say,
28 "No, there is no such thing" -- but, if you can do, it
29 will help me, perhaps, get these percentages in
30 proportion?
31 A. Thank you, yes.
32
33 Q. I will come back in five minutes time.
34
35 (Short Adjournment)
36
37 MR. RAMPTON: Dr. Barnard, we left you with a question, whether
38 you were conscious of any prospective studies that
39 succeeded in studying a wider range of fat intakes than we
40 have identified in the ones we have got?
41 A. Yes, I am afraid that in the short break that we had,
42 I am not able to pull out an adequate response to your
43 question. I was looking at Dr. Toniolo's study to see his
44 range. His lower range was somewhere below 28 per cent,
45 but I could not find the median to say what actually it
46 was.
47
48 Q. We are going to come to that in due course. He says -- it
49 looks as though it is 28 to 36; if one looks at the ----
50 A. He says less than 28 and more than 36.
51
52 Q. Yes. He says "less than".
53 A. That is the problem, to see what the actual median or
54 mean might be.
55
56 MR. JUSTICE BELL: You might think about that during the
57 mid-day adjournment as well.
58
59 MR. RAMPTON: Yes. I will not get to Toniolo until after the
60 mid-day adjournment anyway. Can we pass over to the final
