Day 035 - 12 Oct 94 - Page 33
1 put on all copies of those documents supplied to the
2 Defendants.
3
4 MS. STEEL: I do not think he actually gave direction or leave,
5 but we are not specifically complaining about that anyway.
6
7 MR. JUSTICE BELL: What I suggest is, if when we refer to a
8 page you are really having difficulty with it, you will
9 hear it read through, put a PostIt on it, or something.
10 Without necessarily giving you a completely new bundle you
11 can replace the particular pages, if you end up with so
12 many PostIts you need a replacement, then do that. Do you
13 have some?
14
15 MS. STEEL: Yes. It is the whole way through the bundle. It
16 is partly because the text is so small that it actually
17 blocks out whole words.
18
19 MR. RAMPTON: This is not the important part. If there is a
20 difficulty when I come to the important part I will read
21 it very slowly. May I just finish this introductory
22 paragraph: "Once such change in thinking occurred about
23 20 years ago, when the cumulative effect of a series of
24 epidemiological observations made it clear that all types
25 of cancer that were at all common anywhere varied greatly
26 in incidence, always 5 times, often 50 times, and
27 occasionally 500 times, and that most of this variation
28 could be explained only by differences in the environment
29 or in the way people behaved. It followed that a large
30 proportion of all cancers were, at least in principle,
31 avoidable".
32
33 Then turn over the page to page 448 of the document and
34 there is a passage headed Dietary Factors: "Dietary
35 Factors. That dietary factors are important, particularly
36 perhaps in producing cancers of the stomach, large bowel
37 and breast (3 of the 4 most common types throughout the
38 world) is suggested by many laboratory experiments and
39 hinted at by such epidemiological observations as the
40 positive correlation in different populations between the
41 incidence of cancers of the breast and large bowel and the
42 consumption of fat, the negative correlation between the
43 incidence of cancer of the large bowel and the consumption
44 of fibre and resistant starch, and the negative
45 association between the incidence of gastric cancer and
46 the consumption of fresh fruit and green vegetables. The
47 evidence is, however, inconclusive. Insofar as it varies
48 in strength, the strongest is that obtained from studies
49 of individuals, which has suggested that the consumption
50 of fruit and green vegetables diminishes the risk of
51 cancer of stomach and that the consumption of large
52 amounts of beta-carotene similarly protects against a wide
53 range of cancers, and the weakest is that relating to the
54 role of fat in the causation of cancer of the breast and
55 to a broadly protective effect of selenium and vitamin E.
56 Fortunately, action based on this evidence will certainly
57 help to reduce the risk of a variety of other diseases,
58 from coronary thrombosis to constipation, and it may,
59 therefore, be justifiable to recommend changes in diet
60 based on these associations, as well as changes in smoking
