Day 036 - 13 Oct 94 - Page 49


     
     1        references, handwritten.
     2
     3   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Read it out, then get me a photocopy and
     4        I will put it in.
     5
     6   MS. STEEL:  It begins on page 439, Contribution of Diet to
     7        Overall Risk of Cancer; it was whether you wanted to draw
     8        anything in those pages?
     9        A.  Thank you.
    10
    11   Q.   Or whether you thought anything was relevant.  If you feel
    12        it is important, it would help if you read it out so that
    13        the Judge can -----
    14
    15   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  The first question, is there something you
    16        would like to refer to there?
    17        A.  OK.  Let me just take one second and I will read it
    18        briefly.  Perhaps it would be helpful to read the bottom
    19        paragraph on page 439 which then includes on page 44O?
    20
    21   Q.   I do not know these were the ones you were referring to
    22        when you said you had had figures from somewhere else?
    23        A.  Well, these are among the figures that are very
    24        commonly used, and that the National Cancer Institute also
    25        quotes in its documents.
    26
    27   MR. MORRIS:  To explain, this is the estimates on what
    28        percentage of cancers can be due to dietary factors.  Do
    29        you want to read out anything that you think is
    30        significant?
    31        A.  I will just read this final paragraph.
    32
    33   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What page is it?
    34        A.  It is page 439, and it is the last partial paragraph
    35        on that page, which concludes at the top of page 440.
    36
    37   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes?
    38        A.  I will just read that briefly it says:  "Higginson and
    39        Muir (1979) estimated the proportion of cancers related to
    40        various aspects of environment.  They believed that
    41        precise proportions of cancer incidence could not be
    42        attributed to diet, but they did include dietary factors
    43        under the general heading 'Lifestyle'", remembering this
    44        is 1979.  Quoting again:  "They estimated that possibly 30
    45        per cent of cancers in men 60 per cent in women in the
    46        Birmingham and West Midland regions of England and Wales
    47        could be attributed to lifestyle, Wynder and Gori (1977)
    48        were more specific.  On the basis of international and
    49        intrainternational comparisons of cancer incidence, the
    50        differences between US mortality rates and the lowest 
    51        reported worldwide mortality rates for each site, and 
    52        results of specific case-control studies, they concluded 
    53        that a little more than 40 per cent of cancers in men and
    54        almost 60 per cent cancers in women in the United States
    55        could be attributed to dietary factors."
    56
    57   MR. MORRIS:  We apologise for not noticing that particular
    58        section before photocopying it.
    59        A.  If it is helpful, by the way, that Wynder and Gori
    60        article in 1977 was a publication of the National Cancer

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