Day 252 - 20 May 96 - Page 44


     
     1        the reduction in the average contribution of total fat to
     2        dietary energy in the population to about 35 percent."
     3
     4        Would you accept what is written there?
     5        A.   Yes, that seems very sensible.
     6
     7   Q.   Including that when the total fat was reduced to levels of
     8        less than 10 percent, there was evidence of benefit?
     9        A.   Yes.  I would have to look at that reference but I
    10        suspect this was an experimental study and I doubt very
    11        much if anybody would persist with a diet containing as
    12        little as 10 percent fat in it.  I think it would be highly
    13        unpalatable.   That is one of the major problems of
    14        reducing fat intake is loss of palatability.
    15
    16   Q.   In the section on Diet and Obesity, which starts on page
    17        140, I think what is written in 6.8.4:
    18
    19        "Diets relatively high in fat and low in carbohydrate are
    20        more energy dense than low fat diets and might therefore be
    21        more conducive to the development of obesity."
    22
    23        I think that is basically what you have got in your
    24        statement; is that fair?
    25        A.   Yes, I would agree with that totally.
    26
    27   Q.   Right, and then in 6.8.5 it says:
    28
    29        "There is mounting and persuasive evidence that fat has
    30        less satiating effect than carbohydrate.  Control of energy
    31        intake can be described in two main ways: The constraint on
    32        meal size is described as satiation while the reluctance to
    33        start eating is called satiety.  Their determinents are not
    34        necessarily identical.  In obese women, both hunger and fat
    35        content of a meal increase energy intake at that meal but
    36        have little effect on the subsequent energy intake.  This
    37        implies that dietary fat has only weak effects both on
    38        satiation (stopping eating) and on satiety (not starting to
    39        eat). These relatively weak effects combined with the
    40        relatively high density of fat-rich diets to increase the
    41        likelihood of eating a diet containing excess energy,
    42        so-called passive over-consumption of calories."
    43
    44        Would you agree with that?
    45        A.   Yes, that appears to be the case.
    46
    47   Q.   Right.  Then in 6.8.7, the middle of the paragraph, there
    48        is a sentence:
    49
    50        "Although it is possible to consume excess energy from any 
    51        dietary source, it is rendered more likely the richer the 
    52        diet is in fat.  The fat content of the UK diet along with 
    53        other westernised societies is high."
    54
    55        You would agree with that?
    56        A.   Yes.
    57
    58   Q.   Then if we go to page 145.  In the summary, this is this
    59        chapter about children.  It says:
    60

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