Day 254 - 22 May 96 - Page 62


     
     1
     2   MR. JUSTICE BELL: But it does not say animal fat components is
     3        in relation to any other components in diet or any other
     4        potential causal factors, that is what troubles me.  It is
     5        such a short summary of Miller says.  You may be right,
     6        maybe Miller, if one read it, would say that animal fat is
     7        ----
     8
     9   MR. MORRIS:  It does say, "Most other groups have reached the
    10        same concussion and there are few hypotheses for an
    11        independent role for protein".
    12
    13   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  That is my point, but what it does not say is
    14        that therefore it is down to animal fat.  That is what
    15        troubles me on the authority reference there.
    16
    17   MR. MORRIS:  My understanding is what it is saying is that if
    18        there is any component that is relevant in this whole
    19        debate of an animal product it is the fat content that is
    20        relevant, it is not the protein content, i.e. the causative
    21        factor of risk.
    22
    23   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Indeed.
    24
    25   MR. MORRIS:  Is the fat not the protein content of animal
    26        products?
    27
    28   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  The protein paragraph is a subsection of the
    29        conclusion which starts with the parts which Ms. Steel has
    30        already put to Dr. Arnott.  They are not adding anything,
    31        as I understand it, to what he has already said about
    32        animal fat, they are being sceptical about protein, the
    33        protein element of meat.
    34        A.  I think each of these paragraphs is trying to go
    35        through individual substances which may be considered to be
    36        risk factors, and what they are saying is that there is no
    37        evidence showing that protein consumption has any
    38        independent association with cancer risk.  Because
    39        basically, at the end of the day, I get the impression that
    40        what this article is trying to do is to produce
    41        recommendations.
    42
    43   Q.   Certainly directed at a body which is going to produce
    44        recommendations?
    45        A.  Yes, indeed.
    46
    47   MS. STEEL:   If we just move onto the section on fruits and
    48        vegetable.  Have there been a particularly large number of
    49        studies on fruits and vegetables?
    50        A.  I think all of the studies which have looked at diet 
    51        have looked at various aspects of the diet, including fruit 
    52        and vegetables, and one of the things which is clear and 
    53        goes back to what I was saying this morning about
    54        consistency of evidence, is that if you look at all the
    55        study over the years going back to the 1980s and up to the
    56        present time, there has been a consistency of evidence to
    57        suggest that fruit and vegetables are protective.
    58
    59   Q.   Right.
    60

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