Day 018 - 26 Jul 94 - Page 40
1 assume a resistance of 300 ohms, which was the average
resistance of a pig's head according to the survey by Anil
2 & McKinstry. You assume that the voltage used at GD
Bowes, which I did measure, was approximately 130 volts.
3
Q. Is that current, you said .4?
4 A. Over .4 of an amp.
5 Q. Is that a good or inadequate level of current?
A. It is at about the minimum that is recommended by the
6 University of Bristol based on laboratory research to
provide an adequate stun in all pigs.
7
Q. You have written up, at any rate, some of your research,
8 I will not ask you to look at it now but we need to have
it for future reference, in a paper or an article you
9 wrote -- I am afraid I cannot tell you the date because it
is not on it -- it is in volume orange V, tab C; just
10 glance at it; perhaps you can remember the date of it; it
is called "Humane Slaughter". I am afraid I do not even
11 know what publication it appeared in.
A. The publication date and the journal is given in very
12 small print below the abstract. It is 1991.
13 Q. "Outlook on Agriculture, June (1991)". Thank you very
much.
14
MR. MORRIS: Which one are we on again?
15
MR. JUSTICE BELL: Orange V.
16
MR. RAMPTON: Tab C of volume V. You recommend on page 98 of
17 that paper at the bottom left-hand column, "Electrical
stunning, Head-only (reversible) stunning" in a table your
18 minimum recommended average is 1.3 for a voltage of 240?
A. Yes. Would you like me to explain the difference?
19
Q. Yes, I would. I think I can guess, but I would rather not
20 have to try.
A. There is one recommendation which is .4 of an amp;
21 there is another recommendation which is 1.3 of an amp.
The .4 of an amp recommendation is based upon the
22 electrodes spanning the brain. The 1.3 amp recommendation
is based upon the electrodes spanning the neck. In
23 addition, there were slightly different criteria used for
evaluating unconsciousness, but I think the important
24 issue is the position of the electrodes.
25 Q. What I would like you to tell us is this. What is the --
I know it is an obvious question, forgive me -- what is
26 the purpose of stunning the pig? Are you trying to kill
it?
27 A. In the case of head only stunning, no. By head only
stunning, I mean the electrodes where they span the brain
28 or the neck is commonly used in some abattoirs.
29 Q. So thus far the purpose is the same as it was for
chickens, to render the animal insensible before it is
30 stunned?
A. Correct.
