Day 252 - 20 May 96 - Page 13


     
     1        is a letter which is a page and a bit.  Have you looked at
     2        that letter?
     3        A.   Yes.  I did look at the letter.
     4
     5   Q.   And then there is a very short abstract from supplement a
     6        to a magazine or journal called Circulation?
     7        A.   Yes.
     8
     9   Q.   And the date of that was October 15th, 1995?
    10        A.   Yes.
    11
    12   Q.   This was a somewhat larger sample of people.  It was 20 as
    13        opposed to 5.  20 healthy men and women, apparently.  Now,
    14        you have studied both the letter and the short abstract?
    15        A.   Yes, I have, yes.
    16
    17   Q.   What comment do you have, or comments do you have, about
    18        this piece of work?
    19        A.   Well, the number of subjects in this one were
    20        satisfactory, to have 20 volunteers in a study like this is
    21        useful.  The subjects were subjected to two dietary
    22        treatments, a diet which was based on healthy guidelines
    23        and a high fat diet.
    24
    25   MR. JUSTICE BELL:   What does the sign before the 40 percent in
    26        the parentheses mean?
    27
    28   MR. MORRIS:   Which page?
    29
    30   MR. JUSTICE BELL:   On the letter.
    31
    32   MR. RAMPTON:   You see, Professor, it says 'to the fat',
    33        bracket, and then there is a 'to the 40 percent of total
    34        calory intake' - what does that squiggly thing mean, that
    35        'to the'?
    36        A.   A rise.
    37
    38   Q.   A rise.
    39
    40   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  It is like a 'c' for circa, is it?
    41        A.  Yes, it is the traditional way of saying I am not quite
    42        sure of what the value was.  It is around 40 percent The
    43        two dietary treatments here which were referred to as high
    44        fat and low fat are really not all that high in fat and all
    45        that low in fat, in fact, one was 40 percent, which is
    46        about the British average, and the other was about thirty
    47        percent, which is hopefully our ultimate target, but it is
    48        not very much lower.  Now, in both cases neither of the
    49        diets was monitored.  People were simply instructed on what
    50        to do when they went off for a month, they ate a high fat 
    51        traditional diet or they ate a healthy one, but we have no 
    52        idea whether they complied with the recommendations that 
    53        were made.  There was no monitoring.  But let us assume
    54        they actually did that.  Before they were given a
    55        challenge, which was a high fat load, measurements were
    56        made of their blood lipids which are supposed to reflect
    57        risk of heart disease.
    58
    59        I find these very interesting because the little table that
    60        is given here shows that there were no significant

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