Day 254 - 22 May 96 - Page 26


     
     1        I am aware of all the other criticisms of population
     2        studies, but that criticism does not apply to them.  Is
     3        that right or not?
     4        A.  The criticism of the?
     5
     6   Q.   The criticism that you are only looking at what happens,
     7        i.e. what the diet is, and whether they suffer a
     8        degenerative disease within a relatively short scale of
     9        their life, a period of their life which tends to be in the
    10        middle or towards the end of their life rather than in the
    11        early years of their life.
    12        A.  That is correct, whereas the population studies are
    13        looking at the overall incidence of the disease in the
    14        population.
    15
    16   Q.   Yes.
    17
    18   MS. STEEL:   The other thing is that the location of the
    19        studies, the diets in those countries would be fairly
    20        homogenous would not they?
    21        A.  It is likely to be, but as you will notice they have
    22        actually got a proportion of women who have derived less
    23        than 20 per cent of their calories from fat and have been
    24        able to look at these women in comparison with the other
    25        groups of women in the study and have not been able to find
    26        a correlation or even a trend between fat intake and breast
    27        cancers.
    28
    29   Q.   I am going to come on to that.  I am trying to go through
    30        this in the same order of the page otherwise I am going to
    31        get really confused.
    32        A.  OK.
    33
    34   Q.   On page 358, the table there, the quintiles, do you know
    35        where you find an explanation as to what the quintiles are?
    36        A.  Yes.  Quintile No. 1 is considered to be the base line.
    37
    38   Q.   Yes.
    39        A.  I am trying to find the point in the text.
    40
    41   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  There is a sword against that and a note
    42        underneath the table.
    43        A.  Yes, quintile 1 values are the reference.
    44
    45   MS. STEEL:   Which is the base line?
    46        A.  Yes.
    47
    48   Q.   But I cannot find where we are given the figures for the
    49        energy adjusted nutrients intake for each of the quintiles.
    50 
    51   MR. JUSTICE BELL: Are we given it at all? 
    52        A.  We are not. 
    53
    54   Q.   Or have they just taken the energy adjusted nutrients
    55        intake across the board and divided them into fifths?
    56        A.  They have, yes.
    57
    58   MS. STEEL:   So you cannot see anything.  I mean, I cannot see
    59        anything which indicates what the differences are between
    60        those and, you know, to what extent there was a difference

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