Day 269 - 25 Jun 96 - Page 62


     
     1   Q.   Then you will ingest the trans-isomers?
     2        A.  You will, yes.  In the same way as you will from
     3        products which contain hydrogenated or marine oil. There is
     4        ample evidence to demonstrate this. There is evidence from
     5        these trans-isomers occurring --
     6
     7   Q.   When you are talking about experiments into the effect of
     8        trans-isomers earlier, if I understood you, was that in
     9        relation to the hydrogenated vegetable fat?
    10        A.  The trans-isomers that are produced by hydrogenated
    11        vegetable oils have been studied at some considerable
    12        length by variety of different workers.
    13
    14   Q.   In animal experiments?
    15        A.   In animals and there is also human studies by Katang
    16        in Holland.  And the conclusion I think that Katang comes
    17        to is they are playing a contribution to the saturated fat
    18        load or the mortality from cardiovascular disease.  Willett
    19        himself puts a number on it and, in the paper that he wrote
    20        on this subject, he actually makes the point that there is
    21        a large contribution to the trans-isomer load comes from
    22        hydrogenated vegetable oils in the United States.
    23
    24   MR. RAMPTON:  Can I ask you, is the trans-isomer which is a mono
    25        unsaturated fatty acid in milk and beef, linolenic acid?
    26        A.  That is one of them.
    27
    28   Q.   That has no effect on blood cholesterol, does it?
    29        A.   Again you have got to look at this in the total, that
    30        you do not eat all the linolenic acid.
    31
    32   Q.   You do not?
    33        A.  You do not eat linolenic acid, you eat complex of
    34        trans-isomer that has come from linolenic acid and the
    35        other, check that in terms of its component because it is
    36        the largest in amount but there are also trans-isomers of
    37        linolenic acid and the trans-isomers of much lesser than
    38        all linolenic acid and you will get conjugated fatty acids
    39        as a byproduct of this hydrogenation process.  You will get
    40        fatty acids with two double bonds and two isomers in them.
    41        So it is analogous to linolenic acid.  It is complex issue,
    42        nobody eats linolenic acid.
    43
    44   Q.   I have not got the Willett Painer because I was not
    45        supplied with it.  This is COMA 46 my Lord, nutritional
    46        aspects of cardiovascular disease?
    47        A.  What year?
    48
    49   Q.   46, number 46.  They really should be up there for the
    50        witness, do you have that?
    51        A.   Yes, I have got that.
    52
    53   Q.   Can you turn to page 128 please?
    54        A.   Yes, I have it.
    55
    56   Q.   Paragraph 62.63?
    57        A.   Yes.
    58
    59   Q.   I will not read the first sentence, because that is not the
    60        point I am on.  Then there is a reference to this, I think

Prev Next Index