Day 039 - 20 Oct 94 - Page 47


     
     1   Q.   No, I had rather assumed that was so because I could
     2        not  -----
     3
     4   MS. STEEL:  There were the ones simulating the conditions in the
     5        human gut.
     6        A.  Yes.
     7
     8   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes, but I am talking about direct human
     9        manifestations of adverse reactions to Carrageenan.
    10
    11   MR. RAMPTON:  No, My Lord.  I think the nearest one gets is
    12        diarrhoea in rhesus monkeys.
    13
    14   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes, thank you.  You have something else on
    15        BHA and BHT?
    16
    17   MR. MORRIS:  Have you the references 82, 83, 91 and 92?
    18        A.  These are concerned with the carcinogenicity.
    19
    20   Q.   Of?
    21        A.  BHA.
    22
    23   Q.   This is BHA specifically?
    24        A.  Yes.
    25
    26   Q.   Can we just refer to a crucial sentence or something?  It
    27        can be from the abstract.
    28        A.  Yes, I am looking here at document 82 by Amo and
    29        others, published in Carcinogenesis in 1990 starting on
    30        page 151.
    31
    32   Q.   The last sentence of the abstract of their conclusion:
    33         "The present study indicates that BHA induces adenomatous
    34        hyperplasia of the lung in the suncus".  What is the
    35        "suncus"?
    36        A.  It is a house musk shrew.
    37
    38   Q.   They have no forestomach?
    39        A.  They have no forestomach.  The reason why that was
    40        thought a relevant consideration is because the evidence
    41        that BHA was carcinogenic for rats emerged in the
    42        forestomachs of those rats.  One response to that was rats
    43        may have forestomachs but humans do not.  It was,
    44        therefore, thought appropriate to test it in a species
    45        which, like ourselves, does not possess a forestomach and
    46        they chose this particular animal, and report that in their
    47        study BHA did induce tumours but in the lungs of the shrews
    48        in both sexes at both half a per cent and one per cent --
    49        at significantly higher rates than in the control groups.
    50 
    51   Q.   Reference 83, I cannot find.  Induction of ... tumours with 
    52        BHA etc., 1990? 
    53        A.  I cannot find it either here, forgive.  Induction
    54        of -- oh, is this the fish?  Liver tumours in fish?
    55
    56   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  83 is empty at the moment.
    57        A.  Yes, it is here as well.  I was just under the
    58        impression that was one of the documents I had provided.
    59
    60   MS. STEEL:   It is possible it is in under somewhere else.

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