Day 269 - 25 Jun 96 - Page 88
1 precisely.
2
3 MR. JUSTICE BELL: What I suggest you do, if you do check it and
4 just telephone Miss Steel or Mr. Morris and they can tell
5 me the answer.
6
7 MS. STEEL: There was one other thing I missed out. I do not
8 know whether I need to deal with it with Professor
9 Crawford, but comparing the saturated fat figures on the
10 chart they prepared 3 weeks ago, if you actually look back
11 at McDonald's figures for the period that is relevant, in
12 fact, right up to January 1994 when they brought their new
13 chart out; the saturated fat levels are something like
14 double what they are now. But I do not know whether I need
15 to deal with that with Professor Crawford.
16
17 MR. JUSTICE BELL: I do not think you need to take Professor
18 Crawford through that because I have a variety of figures
19 in different fields. This is one of them and you can make
20 the comparison and comment if you want.
21
22 MS. STEEL: Right. Okay.
23
24 MR. MORRIS: You feel that the saturated fat which you found,
25 your department found in McDonald's food, did you feel it
26 to be substantial or insubstantial amount?
27 A. It is a substantial proportion of the meal yes and I
28 think, particularly the point that has just been made is
29 that they do seem to have made some measure of protective
30 changes to reduce that recently. But I think about the
31 time we were talking about, it was significantly higher
32 than it is at the moment.
33
34 Q. But it is still substantial now?
35 A. Yes.
36
37 Q. When you used the word environmental impact, you talked
38 about Japanese and African children who have moved to the
39 USA and that the same environmental factors must be the
40 explanation for the rise in disease rates?
41 A. Yes.
42
43 Q. You did not -- I mean, when you said environmental factors,
44 did you mean pollution or things like that, or did you mean
45 nutritional factors?
46 A. Right. So far as, I mean, our own very small modest
47 study and I do not want to make a big thing about it so far
48 as comparing African with European children, the
49 environmental factors were all the same because they were
50 all living in the same area. They were just living on,
51 basically, quite different diets. I think the view that is
52 taken is that the major difference between, let us say the
53 Japanese who remained in Japan, compared to their cousins
54 who migrated to the United States of American the major
55 difference is certainly not in smoking because the Japanese
56 smoke more than anybody else in this world per capita; at
57 least Japanese men do. The major difficult was not
58 smoking. The major difference was, without doubt, the diet
59 that changed. There could be other ancillary factors, such
60 as they will get less exercise, but the whole thing all
