Day 058 - 30 Nov 94 - Page 33


     
     1
     2   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  It is Swedish Pulp & Paper Association at the
     3        bottom; is that what the word at the top, in fact, means?
     4        A.  Basically, yes.  "Skogs" really means "forest", so it
     5        is the Forest Industry Association.  So, it goes a little
     6        bit further than just pulp and paper; it also includes
     7        sawmilling.
     8
     9   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Do you want to refer Mr. Mallinson to
    10        particular parts of it or a particular part?
    11
    12   MR. MORRIS:  I am just quickly reading through it actually.  On
    13        the second page at the bottom of the first column, the last
    14        full paragraph, it talks about:   "'New forestry'" is
    15        largely in line with what is advocated by scientists and
    16        the serious natural conservation movements.  The new
    17        approach to forestry makes it essential for nature
    18        preservation to be considered at an early stage."   This
    19        new approach incorporating the concerns of scientists and
    20        serious natural conservation movements, is this something
    21        you have been aware of about Sweden, this development?
    22        A.  I think the answer has to be very much so.  It is in
    23        line with the kind of changing attitudes that I have been
    24        describing in the United Kingdom.  I think if I read it
    25        correctly on the front page of this one, it gives us that
    26        it is a declaration of intent in confirmation of what has
    27        been taking place in Sweden throughout the 1980s and that
    28        the declaration of intent is a process of speeding it up.
    29        That is very much in line with what I believe to be
    30        happening everywhere in the forestry world.
    31
    32   Q.   It says under "Problems admitted" on the first page:  "A
    33        cultivated and tended forest cannot contain all the
    34        biological qualities and variations that are to be found in
    35        the natural forest".  Is that something which you would
    36        agree with?
    37        A.  Yes, I would agree with that.  They say all the
    38        biological qualities and variations, and go on to say:  "At
    39        the same time, however, we are firmly convinced that
    40        effective and efficient forestry operations can be
    41        successfully combined with highly demanding nature
    42        conservation goals".  I think that what has been happening
    43        is an increasing realisation turned into effective action,
    44        that it would be perfectly fair to say at any one time
    45        there are forests which are not managed with a biodiversity
    46        as a primary aim, but this has very rapidly changed.
    47
    48   Q.   In Sweden anyway from this evidence?
    49        A.  We are looking at Sweden in this particular case.
    50 
    51   Q.   So there seems to be some kind of major turning point that 
    52        has happened represented by this document, in reality, yes? 
    53
    54   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Is that right, because just above the part
    55        you have quoted it says "the declaration of intent is
    56        confirmation of what has been taking place in Sweden
    57        throughout the 1980s.  This process, however, is about to
    58        speed it up entailing a further mustering of all our
    59        inherent strengths".  Is that a fair summary of what has
    60        happened?

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