Day 039 - 20 Oct 94 - Page 19


     
     1        A.  Indeed I am not.  Those are his adumbrations on the
     2        text.
     3
     4   Q.   Is there anything in No. 10 or No. 11 which you feel it is
     5        important to point the court at?  Obviously, the English
     6        translation would be the most helpful bit.
     7        A.  Indeed.  The English translation of 10 is at the bottom
     8        of page 64 continuing over on page 65, and in the Shtenberg
     9        and Gavrilenko paper it is in the centre of page 73
    10        translated into English.
    11
    12   Q.   There is nothing that adds to what you have already said?
    13        A.  Not in those documents.  All I would add is that one of
    14        the continuing issues of discussion have been the extent to
    15        which the Amaranth used in the Russian tests was chemically
    16        pure or whether there may have been impurities and whether
    17        those impurities might have been responsible for the
    18        adverse effects.
    19
    20        My colleague, who is now in Russia, has, as far as I can
    21        establish, attempted to find out from the Russian archives
    22        the precise specifications of the material that was tested,
    23        but has not managed to do so.
    24
    25   Q.   The conclusion on No. 10 at the very last line
    26        is:  "Chemically pure Amaranth produces carcinogenous
    27        effect of moderate intensity" -----?
    28        A. "... whereas [other compounds] are mildly
    29        carcinogenous."  That is right.  As you observe, Adrianova
    30        has repeatedly stated -- I mean, she states there and she
    31        has subsequently repeated that the Amaranth she used was
    32        chemically pure.  She has not ever provided West European
    33        or North American scientists with a sample of the material
    34        upon which the tests were conducted.
    35
    36        I suspect that fact alone is being used as grounds for the
    37        continued suggestion, the allegation that it was not pure,
    38        but that is not a suggestion that Adrianova has ever
    39        herself been willing to accept.
    40
    41   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  They could not get hold of a specimen of it,
    42        could they?  They tried.  There may be various reasons for
    43        that, but you could not have an independent check that it
    44        was pure?
    45        A.  No.  This was during the Cold War.  There was precious
    46        little co-operation in those days across the iron curtain
    47        in these matters.
    48
    49   MR. MORRIS:  Amaranth has been banned in USA, USSR, Yugoslavia,
    50        Norway, Sweden, Finland and Austria.  Have those countries 
    51        banned Amaranth on the strength of the tests which you have 
    52        referred to? 
    53        A.  The USA and the then Soviet Union, yes, well, the
    54        Soviet Union banned it by reference to Adrianova's results
    55        and those of Shtenberg and Gavrilenko.  The US took the
    56        Russian data into account, but also their own studies,
    57        particularly the study by Collins and others, then working
    58        at the Food and Drug Administration.
    59
    60        But the ban in Scandinavia was primarily -- well, is part

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