Day 035 - 12 Oct 94 - Page 23


     
     1        I will start again.  You said:  "Finished with that and
     2        talking only about diet, the animal studies say with
     3        dietary factors, particularly fat and breast cancer, are
     4        far more compelling than they are with inhaled tobacco,
     5        and all the other lines of evidence that we have talked
     6        about today have led to the point where certainly
     7        somewhere by the mid-1980s the great majority of American
     8        researchers were convinced that there were links, that the
     9        links were of a causal nature, so much so that
    10        recommendations should be made for the American public
    11        specifically to reduce fat intake, but also to change
    12        their diet in various other ways as well."
    13
    14        Dr. Barnard, I promised you that I would do this and I am
    15        now going to start to do it, which is to have a look at
    16        what various authorities, from 1982 onwards, have been
    17        saying and to see whether what you are recorded there as
    18        having said actually stands up to any kind of reasonable
    19        scrutiny.  May we start, please, with the earliest, which
    20        is Diet, Nutrition and Cancer of 1982 published by the
    21        National Academy Press.  You are familiar with this?
    22        A.  Certainly.
    23
    24   Q.   I think it was yesterday that this on page 5 of the
    25        Executive Summary was read out:  "The committee concluded
    26        that of all the dietary components it studied, the
    27        combined epidemiological and experimental evidence is most
    28        suggestive for a causal relationship between fat intake
    29        and the occurrence of cancer.  Both epidemiological
    30        studies and experiments in animals provide convincing
    31        evidence that increasing the intake of total fat increases
    32        the incidence of cancer at certain sites, particularly the
    33        breast and colon, and, conversely, that the risk is lower
    34        with lower intakes of fat.  Data from studies in animals
    35        suggest that when fat intake is low, polyunsaturated fats
    36        are more effective than saturated fats in enhancing
    37        tumorigenesis, whereas the data on humans do not permit a
    38        clear distinction to be made between the effects of
    39        different components of fat.  In general, however, the
    40        evidence from epidemiological and" ----
    41        A.  I am simply trying to find my copy of what you are
    42        reading.
    43
    44   Q.   I read the whole paragraph so as not to be accused of
    45        being selective, but it is only the first sentence that
    46        matters.
    47
    48   MS. STEEL:  Have you a copy or not?
    49
    50   THE WITNESS:  Could you let me know which page you are reading 
    51        from? 
    52 
    53   MR. RAMPTON:  Borrow mine.  Note, in particular, the first
    54        sentence.  I will highlight it.
    55
    56   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  I would like to look at the cover on the way
    57        up, please. (Handed).
    58
    59   MR. RAMPTON:  I will underline the words which you will, no
    60        doubt, wish to draw attention to.  Do you see I have

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