Day 011 - 12 Jul 94 - Page 36


     
     1        and sustain unprecedented levels of stratospheric
              chlorine.
     2
               "14.  In order to return to a chlorine loading of 2ppbv
     3        by 2050, all short- lived halocarbons will need to be
              phased out by 2030 at the latest.  Reducing the releases
     4        of methyl chloroform before this date could decrease the
              peak chlorine loading, and would reduce the period over
     5        which the highest chlorine loadings obtain."
 
     6        Then there is a comment about bromine.  Can we go right to
              the end of this document?  There is a separate sort of
     7        appendix, or article, which we are not concerned about.
              Within Chapter 3 at the back- Strategies to Reduce
     8        Atmospheric Chlorine ---
 
     9         "Conclusions.  It is fully apparent that today's levels
              of atmospheric chlorine, liberated predominately from man
    10        made CFCs, have caused serious damage to the stratospheric
              ozone layer.
    11
              "There are serious limitations in our understanding and
    12        ability to quantify ozone depletion at the present level
              of chlorine loading and in our ability to predict the
    13        effects on stratospheric ozone of any further increases.
              Possible effects on ozone depletion of changes in global
    14        climate are largely unknown.
 
    15        "Given these uncertainties, the priority must be to first
              half the continuing rise in chlorine loading, and then to
    16        substantial reduce it as quickly as possible."
 
    17        You tell us that you were at a conference on this topic
              only a week or two ago in Ireland.  Has that discussion of
    18        an overall decreased reduction in chlorine (possibly even
              an extension, I do not know) loading in the atmosphere-
    19        has that remained the received wisdom?
              A.   It has.
    20
         Q.   What one is looking for is an overall reduction in
    21        chlorine loading in the atmosphere.
              A.   Yes, as rapidly as possible.
    22
         Q.   I want to pass on from that please to what is specific to
    23        this case, which is McDonald's use of CFCs and HCFCs.  We
              know from the uncontested evidence of witnesses that
    24        McDonald's announced they had decided they would phase out
              CFCs in August 1987 and we think that they were out of use
    25        completely within the McDonald's system by, I think, 1991
              at the latest. 
    26        A.   Yes. 
  
    27   Q.   As we can see, that is well ahead of the requirements of
              the Montreal Protocol, is it not?
    28        A.   Yes.
 
    29   Q.   What I want to ask you is this: We know that there now are
              only two countries in the world in which McDonald's
    30        operates (i.e. The Philippines and Turkey) where HCF- 22
              is still used as a blowing agent for McDonald's packaging.

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