Day 252 - 20 May 96 - Page 32
1 MS. STEEL: I do not know if you have got a copy of "The
2 Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease"?
3 A. I do have that, yes.
4
5 Q. If you could turn to -- I think it is Chapter 5, but it
6 starts on page 106?
7 A. Yes.
8
9 Q. In the third paragraph it says:
10
11 "A 1 percent lower plasmal cholesterol translates into a 2
12 to 3 percent lower risk of CHD. A reduction in plasma
13 cholesterol can slow down the rate of progression and may
14 induce regression of coronary atheroschlerosis. Increasing
15 levels of plasma high density liproprotein (HDL)
16 cholesterol is associated with decreased of risk death from
17 CHD in western populations."
18
19 You would agree with what is written there?
20 A. Yes, I do.
21
22 Q. And in the fifth paragraph where it says:
23
24 "Risk of stroke and CHD increases with the level of blood
25 pressure, and sustained reduction of raised levels lowers
26 the incidence of both conditions. Higher levels of blood
27 pressure within the conventional 'normal range' are
28 important because they are common and contribute the
29 majority of deaths and non-fatal cardiovascular events
30 attributable to raised blood pressure."
31
32 You would agree with that, would you?
33 A. Yes, I would agree with that.
34
35 Q. I think you have said already that you agree that obesity
36 increases the risk of CHD; did you not?
37 A. Yes.
38
39 Q. Just going over to the next page, 5.2, plasma lipids.
40 5.21: "Longitudinal"?
41
42
43 MR. JUSTICE BELL: Which page, 108?
44
45 MS. STEEL: Yes:
46
47 "Longitudinal studies of individuals from several countries
48 demonstrate a strong, positive and curvilinear relations
49 between plasma cholesterol concentration and the incidence
50 of CHD; those with higher mean cholesterol concentrations
51 experience higher CHD mortality."
52
53 Then it goes on. Towards the bottom of that paragraph, it
54 starts:"An analysis of the 10 largest"; do you see that?
55 It is more or less the last 5 lines?
56 A. Yes.
57
58 Q. An analysis of the 10 largest prospective studies found
59 that a 10 percent reduction in serum cholesterol was
60 associated with a 54 per cent reduction in the incidence of
