Day 018 - 26 Jul 94 - Page 40


     
     1        assume a resistance of 300 ohms, which was the average
              resistance of a pig's head according to the survey by Anil
     2        & McKinstry.  You assume that the voltage used at GD
              Bowes, which I did measure, was approximately 130 volts.
     3
         Q.   Is that current, you said .4?
     4        A.  Over .4 of an amp.
 
     5   Q.   Is that a good or inadequate level of current?
              A.  It is at about the minimum that is recommended by the
     6        University of Bristol based on laboratory research to
              provide an adequate stun in all pigs.
     7
         Q.   You have written up, at any rate, some of your research,
     8        I will not ask you to look at it now but we need to have
              it for future reference, in a paper or an article you
     9        wrote -- I am afraid I cannot tell you the date because it
              is not on it  -- it is in volume orange V, tab C; just
    10        glance at it; perhaps you can remember the date of it; it
              is called "Humane Slaughter".  I am afraid I do not even
    11        know what publication it appeared in.
              A.  The publication date and the journal is given in very
    12        small print below the abstract.  It is 1991.
 
    13   Q.  "Outlook on Agriculture, June (1991)".  Thank you very
              much.
    14
         MR. MORRIS:  Which one are we on again?
    15
         MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Orange V.
    16
         MR. RAMPTON:  Tab C of volume V.  You recommend on page 98 of
    17        that paper at the bottom left-hand column, "Electrical
              stunning, Head-only (reversible) stunning" in a table your
    18        minimum recommended average is 1.3 for a voltage of 240?
              A.  Yes.  Would you like me to explain the difference?
    19
         Q.   Yes, I would.  I think I can guess, but I would rather not
    20        have to try.
              A.  There is one recommendation which is .4 of an amp;
    21        there is another recommendation which is 1.3 of an amp.
              The .4 of an amp recommendation is based upon the
    22        electrodes spanning the brain.  The 1.3 amp recommendation
              is based upon the electrodes spanning the neck.  In
    23        addition, there were slightly different criteria used for
              evaluating unconsciousness, but I think the important
    24        issue is the position of the electrodes.
 
    25   Q.   What I would like you to tell us is this.  What is the --
              I know it is an obvious question, forgive me -- what is 
    26        the purpose of stunning the pig?  Are you trying to kill 
              it? 
    27        A.  In the case of head only stunning, no.  By head only
              stunning, I mean the electrodes where they span the brain
    28        or the neck is commonly used in some abattoirs.
 
    29   Q.   So thus far the purpose is the same as it was for
              chickens, to render the animal insensible before it is
    30        stunned?
              A.  Correct.

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