Day 034 - 11 Oct 94 - Page 08
1 problem, because three studies looked at animal fat, four
2 studies looked at meat, one looked at eggs and two looked
3 at vegetable fats.
4
5 Of the three that looked at animal fats, two found a
6 direct correlation, one found an inverse correlation.
7 With meats, of the four studies that looked specifically
8 at meat, three found a direct correlation; one did not
9 find an association.
10
11 Of the one study that looked at eggs an inverse
12 association was found, and in two studies that looked at
13 vegetable fat (and there were only two that looked at
14 vegetable fat) both of them found a positive association.
15 So, overall, there is again a direct association between
16 fat simply as total fat and breast cancer consistent with
17 what we found in international correlations.
18
19 However, with specific types of fat, although the
20 preponderance of evidence does show a link with animal fat
21 and meat, it is not worthy that one found an inverse
22 association with animal fat and one found an inverse
23 association with eggs. Vegetables fats were indicted here
24 as well on two studies.
25
26 MR. JUSTICE BELL: The one who found an inverse relationship
27 with animal fat found a positive relationship with
28 vegetable fat?
29 A. Yes, that is correct.
30
31 MR. MORRIS: So, in fact, all of those studies except for
32 Kinlen (1982) found a positive association with one of the
33 fats?
34 A. Yes, that is correct.
35
36 Q. Every single one of those studies?
37 A. That is correct.
38
39 Q. Except for Kinlen (1982)?
40 A. If memory serves, Kinlen's study had an association
41 that was positive but did not reach statistical
42 significance. So it is reported here as no association.
43 Then going down to the next category -----
44
45 Q. Can I just ask, before we move from that, are migration
46 studies looked at at all in this chart or is that a
47 separate category of epidemiological studies?
48 A. That would be considered a subcategory of the within
49 country correlations. For example, where you look at
50 Hawaii you are looking within that area and one looks at
51 migrants who have come in from other countries. So, that
52 would probably be a subcategory of this.
53
54 Q. Do you want to move on?
55 A. Certainly. The case-control studies are those studies
56 in which cancer patients who are identified and whose
57 diets are characterised are then compared to other
58 individuals who are like them in as many relevant ways as
59 possible, age, medical history, aside from the fact that
60 the controls do not have cancer, their diets are assessed
