Day 073 - 13 Jan 95 - Page 32


     
     1   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Thank you.  I will hand that back to
     2        Mr. Morris.
     3
     4   MR. RAMPTON:  If your Lordship would like a copy for your
     5        Lordship's bundle, I will happily surrender mine; I have
     6        one.
     7
     8   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  I think it is just as well.  What was the
     9        reference number of that one?
    10
    11   MR. MORRIS:  No. 10.
    12
    13   MR. RAMPTON:  I will hand mine up.  If in due course I should
    14        need one (which I doubt) I will ask for one.
    15
    16   MR. MORRIS:  If we move on, there was a conclusion in the
    17        Swedish section on page 33 about paper sought from Swedish
    18        forests being damaging to the environment.  Is that the
    19        same rationale for the other conclusions you have made on
    20        other countries or is there some  specific -----
    21        A.  Yes, I think that is the rationale; merely that the
    22        existence of new law, which a lot of law was about the
    23        privatisation of the forest lands in Sweden but, in fact,
    24        it also was addressing the problem of biodiversity loss.
    25        I think this indicates that at an earlier date there was
    26        biodiversity loss, and the new enactment of the law covers
    27        that biodiversity loss in part.
    28
    29   Q.   So are you saying that you are happy with the management of
    30        Swedish forests at the moment?
    31        A.  I am.  I would not myself be happy with the management
    32        of Swedish forests because definitely there are great
    33        improvements.  One of the serious things in Sweden is the
    34        continuing felling of old growth and the lack of protected
    35        forests, particularly in the south of Finland -- sorry, the
    36        south of Sweden, excuse me, the south of Sweden, where old
    37        growth forests are very, very poorly represented in any way
    38        and a minute part -- I think it is 0.34 -- has any
    39        protection of any sort.  That is not enough because there
    40        were a number of different environmental areas in the south
    41        of Sweden and they do not represent, what is in protection
    42        does not represent all of the areas that are typical of the
    43        south of Sweden.
    44
    45   Q.   But in terms of the present plantation practices in Sweden,
    46        as compared to the native forests or old growth forests,
    47        what is the conclusion?
    48        A.  They will not be as biologically rich.  They will not
    49        contain all the functions of an old growth forest, there is
    50        no doubt about that, or a native or an apple forest. 
    51 
    52   Q.   Is that difference a significant difference or is it -- if 
    53        we are talking about the biodiversity of a native forest,
    54        say, at the scale of 100 per cent, what would be the
    55        equivalent biodiversity, just on a very rough scale, for a
    56        well-managed Swedish plantation forest currently?
    57        A.  I would be generous to them and give them 65 per cent.
    58
    59   Q.   That is currently?
    60        A.  Currently under the latest -----

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