Day 022 - 12 Sep 94 - Page 60


     
     1        investigation in this paper is that chronic degenerative
     2        diseases are prevented by an aggregate effect of nutrients
     3        and nutrient intake amounts that are commonly supplied by
     4        foods of plant origin.  The breadth and consistency of
     5        evidence of this hypothesis was investigated with multiple
     6        intake biomarker disease associations which were
     7        appropriately adjusted.  There appears to be no threshold
     8        of plant food enrichment or minimisation of fat intake
     9        beyond which further disease prevention does not occur."
    10
    11        "These findings suggest that even small intakes of foods
    12        of animal origin are associated with significant increases
    13        in plasma cholesterol concentrations, which are associated
    14        in turn with significant increases in chronic degenerative
    15        disease mortality rates".  It seems to be the American
    16        Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1994.
    17
    18   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Who are the authors?
    19        A.  It is Colin Campbell and Chen Junshi, J-U-N-S-H-I.
    20
    21   MR. MORRIS:  That is very up-to-date.
    22
    23   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What date is it?
    24
    25   THE WITNESS:  It is 1994.
    26
    27   MR. MORRIS:  This may have been published then but may have
    28        been known earlier.  Can I just ask the question?
    29
    30   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Yes.
    31
    32   MR. MORRIS:  Now that we actually have that survey directly
    33        referred to, the point I am making is that that is an
    34        example where the population study would have an advantage
    35        in that respect over, for example, the very well-run
    36        nurses' study, that they were able to look at very low
    37        levels of fat intake and compare them, yes?
    38        A.  Sorry, can you repeat that?  I was actually trying to
    39        see how they organised their study.
    40
    41   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What I suggest you do is just take a moment
    42        or two to look at that before Mr. Morris asks the question
    43        again.
    44        A.  In fact, all we have is the introduction in which they
    45        talk about the hypothesis, but they do not talk about the
    46        methodology or how it was carried out because the print
    47        ends at that point.  So we have no means of knowing how it
    48        was conducted.
    49
    50   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  Professor Campbell is one of your Civil 
    51        Evidence Act witnesses? 
    52 
    53   MR. MORRIS:  Yes.  We will try to get the full study as soon as
    54        possible.  Have you heard of this study at all?
    55        A.  I have not, no, only in the sense that it was referred
    56        to in an article by Willett in Nature, but that was in
    57        1989.  This has only been published -- one wonders, has it
    58        been published in some other form elsewhere?
    59
    60   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  You do not have a copy of the Willett

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