Day 036 - 13 Oct 94 - Page 27


     
     1        what about a typical figure for ovo-lacto vegetarians?
     2        A.  Five per cent actually may be a bit generous.  If a
     3        vegan truly is consuming no animal fat and consuming
     4        entirely vegetable oils, because they range between,
     5        roughly speaking, in general, maybe 10 to 15 per cent
     6        saturated fat -- in some cases less -- then if 20 per cent
     7        of the calories came from fat, that would mean only about
     8        2 per cent from saturated fat. If, however, a vegan were
     9        consuming lots more vegetable oil the saturated fat
    10        portion would rise proportionately; it could rise as high
    11        as maybe 5 per cent or even higher.
    12
    13   Q.   Give me the range then for an ovo-lacto vegetarian?
    14        A.  Here again, just to express a few cautions, if the
    15        ovo-lacto vegetarian were particularly fond of cheese,
    16        cheese is extremely high-in-fat, much of which is
    17        saturated; the same would have to be said for butter or
    18        other dairy products, and those could drive it quite
    19        high.  But, in general, an ovo-lacto vegetarian would
    20        probably find his or her diet to be on the order of 10 per
    21        cent saturated fat, rather similar to that of an omnivore.
    22
    23   MR. RAMPTON:  With that in mind, I am going to change course
    24        ever so slightly, change my order ever so slightly,
    25        Dr. Barnard, and look at a paper, if we may, from way back
    26        in 1978.  Can you turn to tab 25 in the bundle you have
    27        there?
    28
    29   MS. STEEL:   We do not have a tab 25.
    30
    31   MR. RAMPTON:  It is some work by Bandaru Reddy and others.
    32
    33   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  It is the New York and Kuopio in Finland
    34        paper.
    35
    36   THE WITNESS:  Yes, I do have it.
    37
    38   MR. RAMPTON:  This is a fairly well known piece of
    39        epidemiological history, is it not?
    40        A.  Yes, it does express an interesting anomaly.
    41
    42   Q.   Without bothering to read it, it says this, does it not?
    43        Though their consumptions of animal fat were roughly the
    44        same, the rural Finns in Kuopio had a significantly lower
    45        incidence of colon cancer; it says that, does it not?
    46        A.  Allow me to read through the abstract, if I may?
    47
    48   Q.   Read the abstract at the top to yourself.
    49        A.  Yes.
    50 
    51   Q.   What emerged from that were two differences between the 
    52        New Yorkers and the Finns, Dr. Barnard; one was that 
    53        though they ate a lot of fat, the Finns, it was in a form
    54        chiefly of dairy products and, in particular, a kind of
    55        cheese and a kind of porridge made of milk -- the details
    56        of the diets are on page 2834, at the top of the page --
    57        whereas the New Yorkers ate what might bluntly be called
    58        meat in common with many other Americans.  Another
    59        difference between the two populations studied was that
    60        the Finns ate a lot of rye bread with their high-fat; is

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