Day 269 - 25 Jun 96 - Page 88


     
     1        precisely.
     2
     3   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  What I suggest you do, if you do check it and
     4        just telephone Miss Steel or Mr. Morris and they can tell
     5        me the answer.
     6
     7   MS. STEEL:  There was one other thing I missed out.  I do not
     8        know whether I need to deal with it with Professor
     9        Crawford, but comparing the saturated fat figures on the
    10        chart they prepared 3 weeks ago, if you actually look back
    11        at McDonald's figures for the period that is relevant, in
    12        fact, right up to January 1994 when they brought their new
    13        chart out; the saturated fat levels are something like
    14        double what they are now.  But I do not know whether I need
    15        to deal with that with Professor Crawford.
    16
    17   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  I do not think you need to take Professor
    18        Crawford through that because I have a variety of figures
    19        in different fields.  This is one of them and you can make
    20        the comparison and comment if you want.
    21
    22   MS. STEEL:  Right.  Okay.
    23
    24   MR. MORRIS:  You feel that the saturated fat which you found,
    25        your department found in McDonald's food, did you feel it
    26        to be substantial or insubstantial amount?
    27        A.   It is a substantial proportion of the meal yes and I
    28        think, particularly the point that has just been made is
    29        that they do seem to have made some measure of protective
    30        changes to reduce that recently.  But I think about the
    31        time we were talking about, it was significantly higher
    32        than it is at the moment.
    33
    34   Q.   But it is still substantial now?
    35        A.  Yes.
    36
    37   Q.   When you used the word environmental impact, you talked
    38        about Japanese and African children who have moved to the
    39        USA and that the same environmental factors must be the
    40        explanation for the rise in disease rates?
    41        A.   Yes.
    42
    43   Q.   You did not -- I mean, when you said environmental factors,
    44        did you mean pollution or things like that, or did you mean
    45        nutritional factors?
    46        A.   Right. So far as, I mean, our own very small modest
    47        study and I do not want to make a big thing about it so far
    48        as comparing African with European children, the
    49        environmental factors were all the same because they were
    50        all living in the same area.  They were just living on,
    51        basically, quite different diets.  I think the view that is
    52        taken is that the major difference between, let us say the
    53        Japanese who remained in Japan, compared to their cousins
    54        who migrated to the United States of American the major
    55        difference is certainly not in smoking because the Japanese
    56        smoke more than anybody else in this world per capita; at
    57        least Japanese men do. The major difficult was not
    58        smoking.  The major difference was, without doubt, the diet
    59        that changed.  There could be other ancillary factors, such
    60        as they will get less exercise, but the whole thing all

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