Day 239 - 23 Apr 96 - Page 34


     
     1        things into type, but as many scientists working in the
     2        Amazon have recorded and made much of, it is a very hard
     3        thing to do in this particular case.  But I do broadly
     4        agree with what you are saying, yes.
     5
     6   Q.   Thank you.  Now would you turn please if you can find it,
     7        to your statement.  It is called an addendum, but it is
     8        actually a single sheet on its own.  It is about what I am
     9        afraid I mispronounced cerrado, but I am going to go on
    10        doing it because it is in Portuguese.  It is dated 29th
    11        August, 1995.  It is headed "addendum to George Monbiot"?
    12        A.   I have got it.
    13
    14   Q.   Would you please look at the third paragraph?
    15        A.   Yes.
    16
    17   Q.   Where you write: "One of the tragedies of cattle ranching
    18        in the cerrado is that it has indiscriminately destroyed a
    19        huge range of habitats.  In clearing the land for ranching,
    20        participants have made no distinction between vegetation
    21        types.  Individual ranches will take in land that was once
    22        of savanna type", one type, "as well as land which could
    23        accurately have been described as rainforest"?
    24        A.  Yes.
    25
    26   Q.   You yourself say there is a distinction, it would appear,
    27        between savanna, rainforest and cerrado?
    28        A.   Between savanna and rainforest, certainly there is an
    29        undeniable distinction.  Those are two -- again, savanna
    30        rather like rainforest, is a broad category into which all
    31        sorts of things are lumped, but definitely savanna and
    32        rainforest are distinct.  But savanna, cerrado and
    33        rainforest, no.  Cerrado, it is like a sort of Venn diagram
    34        and the cerrado would definitely be in the middle and there
    35        would be bit of savanna and bits of rainforest in it.  It
    36        is a very broad, very huge area, the cerrado, and it
    37        incorporates all sorts of different vegetation types.
    38
    39   Q.   It is just land with some trees and some grass?
    40        A.  The only accurate thing to call cerrado is cerrado
    41        because it is a mixture of types, but within that are areas
    42        which you can call rainforest, and rainforest according to
    43        any of the definitions which you have given me.  Also areas
    44        which you could call savanna, areas which are called
    45        grassland and areas which you can call thorn scrub.  But
    46        rainforest is a component of the Brazilian cerrado.
    47
    48   Q.   I am not disputing that you were not trying stands of
    49        genuine or real, or actual or correctly described
    50        rainforest within the cerrado.  I am not suggesting that at 
    51        all.   You said this morning when you were describing 
    52        different types of vegetation that you would find savanna 
    53        and what you described as "full closed canopy rainforest".
    54        Those are your actual words.  What do you mean by that?
    55        A.  That is something which I think it is, I would hope it
    56        is a fairly self-evident phrase, closed canopy rainforest,
    57        which is something that tends to cut out most of the light
    58        which would reach the ground.  It is a dense closed canopy
    59        forest.  I mean, I do not know if that term is unclear.
    60

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